目的 探究儿童营养性缺铁性贫血在本地区的流行病学特征,为本地区的防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2015年1-6月在山东省济南市各区县随机选取学龄前儿童共1 246例,采其末梢血液检测贫血有无,并采集相关信息,对临床症状进行统计分析。结果 1 246例儿童中有124例儿童患有营养性缺铁性贫血,贫血率为9.95%;城市儿童的贫血率为6.79%,农村为13.55%,农村儿童贫血率显著高于城市儿童;城市各年龄段的贫血率在男童和女童间均随年龄呈逐年下降趋势,平均男童贫血率为4.75%,远低于女童的8.90%,女童的患病率显著高于男童;农村各年龄段的贫血率在男童和女童间均随年龄呈逐年下降趋势,平均男童贫血率为8.57%,远低于女童的19.40%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。贫血的表现为易患感冒发生率最高,牙龈红肿最低。结论 营养性缺铁性贫血在低龄儿中的发生率更高,男童发病率低于女童,主要的临床表现是易患感冒,可针对此表现对贫血进行防治。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of children with nutritional iron deficiency anemia in the local area. Method sA total of 1 246 cases were selected in each county of the city from January to June 2015.The peripheral blood was collected to detect the anemia,and the relevant information was collected to analyze the clinical symptoms. Results Totally 124 cases of in 1 246 children had nutritional iron deficiency anemia,the incidence rate of 9.95%.The incidence of urban children rate was 6.79%,the rate in country was 13.55%,country children's prevalence rate was significantly higher than that of the urban children;The anemia rate between the male and female children in city were with age into a downward trend year by year,the average male anemia rate of 4.75%,far lower than that of the female 8.90%;The average male in country anemia rate was 8.57%,far lower than that of the female 19.40%,the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05).The highest incidence of anemia was the physical weakness,the lowest incidence was gingival swelling. Conclusions Nutritional iron deficiency anemia in young children occur rate is high,the incidence of male patients is lower than that of female.The main clinical manifestations are susceptible to colds.