目的 调查北京市东城区婴幼儿养育现状,为进一步针对性的干预提供依据。方法 采用自编儿童养育现状调查问卷对北京市东城区460名6月～3岁儿童家庭进行入户调查。结果 在养育行为方面:有15.2%的家庭曾经体罚过儿童,不能满足儿童接触大自然和与他人交往需求的家庭分别占34.6%、53%,有31.3%的儿童每天使用电子产品的时间超过1 h,53%的家庭当儿童遇到问题时常常会帮忙解决,43.3%的家庭很少设定儿童玩的时间。母亲自身特征方面:母亲文化程度越高,陪伴儿童时间越短(χ²=0.153,P=0.001);母亲文化程度大学及以上者,更易鼓励子女自己做事(χ²=4.423,P=0.035),较少体罚儿童(χ²=5.432,P=0.02);母亲生育年龄越大,陪伴儿童时间越长(χ²=0.150,P=0.002);母亲生育年龄≥30岁者,经常对子女的需求立刻满足(χ²=4.948,P=0.026);家庭结构方面:核心家庭经常带子女接触大自然(χ²=7.632,P=0.007)、家庭养育态度(χ²=4.557,P=0.033)一致性方面更高。结论 目前北京市东城区婴幼儿家庭中存在一定不利于儿童早期发育的养育态度和行为,需针对性的开展家庭养育教育,以改善儿童家庭养育现状,促进儿童早期发育。

Objective To investigate the present situation of infants parenting status in Dongcheng district in Beijing,in order to provide a basis for further targeted intervention. Method A total of 460 families of children aged from 6 months to 3 years old in Dongcheng district in Beijing were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire. Results About parenting behavior:15.2% families had spanked children,the proportion of dissatisfy with the demand of children in touch with nature and interaction with others accounted for 34.6%,53% separately.31.3% children used the electronic products for more than 1 hour every day.53% of the families often helped children to solve questions when the children encountered problems.43.3% families rarely set the time for children to play.About the mother's own characteristics:The higher the education level of mother was,the shorter the time spending with their babies was(χ²=0.153,P=0.001).The mothers who had the educational level above University,were more likely to encourage children to do things by themselves(χ²=4.423,P=0.035),and less corporal punishment (χ²=5.432,P=0.02);The older the mother's child-bearing ages were the longer the time spending with their babies was(χ²=0.150,P=0.002).Mothers older than 30 years often met the needs of the children immediately (χ²=4.948,P=0.026);About family structure:Core families often took their children to contact nature(χ²=7.632,P=0.007),and the consistency of family rearing attitude was higher(χ²=4.557,P=0.033). Conclusions The families of infants in Dongcheng district in Beijing exist improper parenting attitudes and behavior for early childhood development.The targeted family education is needed to improve the current situation of children's parenting status and to promote early childhood development.