目的 研究维、哈、汉族儿童父母养育方式、儿童气质与儿童行为问题的差异,以促进不同民族儿童身心健康发展。方法 采用随机抽样方法抽取乌鲁木齐市6所小学中年龄为8~12岁的儿童876名,其中维吾尔族(维族)295名,哈萨克族(哈族)276名,汉族305名,应用中国8~12岁学龄儿童气质问卷(CSTS)、Conners儿童行为问卷(父母症状问卷,1978)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)进行评定。结果 1)维族和哈族儿童在“情感温暖和理解”、“偏爱被试”、“过分干涉”因子中的得分均明显高于汉族儿童(P<0.05)。2)在气质调查中,哈族儿童在“活动水平”和“坚持性”因子中的得分均高于汉族儿童(P<0.05)。维族和哈族儿童在“适应性”因子中的得分低于汉族儿童(P<0.05)。3)维族儿童在“品行问题”和“冲动-多动” 因子中的得分均高于汉族儿童;哈族儿童“焦虑”因子分低于汉族儿童(P<0.05)。结论 维、汉、哈三个民族儿童在父母养育方式、儿童气质和行为问题方面均有差异性。

Objective To compare the features of the children's temperament,the behavior problems and parental rearing patterns in children aged 8～12 among Uyghur ethnicity,Kazakand ethnicity and Han ethnicity. Methods The total of 876 children (including 295 Uyghur ethnicity,276 Kazakand ethnicity and 305 Han ethnicity)aged 8~12 years old from six primary schools in Urumqi were randomly sampled.All students and their parents were assessed using "Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran(EMBU)" scale,"Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire (MCTQ)" and "Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire ( PSQ )". Results 1)Compared with the Han ethnicity group,the children of Uyghur ethnicity and Kazakand ethnicity got higher scores on FF1,FF3,FF4,MF1,MF2,MF5(P<0.05).2)The children of Kazak ethnicity got higher scores on activity and persistence factors of MCTQ(P<0.05).And the children of Uyghur ethnicity and Kazakand ethnicity got lower scores on adaptability.3)The children of Uyghur ethnicity got higher scores on the behavioral problems and the urge-restlessness of PSQ.And the children of Kazakand ethnicity got lower scores on the anxiety. Conclusion The Results manifested the Uyghur ethnicity,Kazakand ethnicity and Han ethnicity children are different in the children temperament,the behavior problems and parental rearing patterns.