目的 研究语言发育迟缓儿童的智能发育特征及相关影响因素,为临床早期发现、综合干预提供科学依据。方法 选取内蒙古妇幼保健院儿童保健科以语言发育落后为主诉就诊的240例5岁以下儿童为研究对象,采用Gesell婴幼儿发育量表进行发育评估。结果 1)随年龄增长,各能区的发育商显著下降(P<0.001),2岁之后各能区发育商均为异常,其中言语能的发育商最低。2) 单纯语言问题和语言合并其他问题在年龄及出生胎龄方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),而在儿童性别、分娩方式、出生体重、母亲文化程度及家族史方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 2岁左右是儿童语言发育迟缓发现的重点年龄,应加强2岁左右的语言发育筛查以便早期发现语言发育迟缓;早产是引起发育迟缓的主要因素,加强孕期保健避免早产发生是预防语言发育迟缓的关键措施。

Objective To study the developmental characteristic and influencing factors in children with language developmental delay,and provide scientific reference for these children' early recognition and comprehensive intervention. Methods A total of 240 children,who had developmental delay in language under five years old,were included.Gesell Test was used to evaluate children neurodevelopment. Results 1)After 2 years old,the developmental quotient (DQ) of each domain was significant decline (P<0.001),especially the DQ of language.2) Age and gestational age had statistic differences between children who had only language problem and combined other disorders(P<0.001).But there were no significant differences in gender,delivery,birth weight,maternal educational level and the family history(P＞0.05). Conclusions About 2 years old is a focus age to find language delay in children.Language screening should be strengthened at about 2 years old for the early detection of language delay.Premature delivery is the main factor of developmental delay in language.Avoiding premature delivery is the key to prevent developmental delay in language.