目的 了解长治市城区4~6年级小学生营养与食品相关知识知晓情况和饮食习惯,为下一步健康教育提供依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法于2013年9-12月抽取长治市城区8所小学4~6年级的1 265名小学生进行《小学生营养与食品安全知识行为问卷》的自填式问卷调查。结果 调查对象营养与食品安全知识得分偏低,其中营养知识调整得分低于食品知识得分,差异有统计学意义(t=29.37,P<0.001)。营养知识得分六年级学生高于四五年级的学生(F=15.600,P<0.001),独生子女得分高于非独生子女(t=19.280,P<0.001)。食品知识得分女生高于男生(t=2.840,P=0.005)。有70.7%的小学生每天吃早餐;21.7%和36.0%的小学生可以保证每天吃鸡蛋和奶类;53.9%的小学生每天可以吃水果,而39.6%和24.1%小学生会吃油炸食物和腌制食物超过一周一次; 29.0%和29.9%的小学生会吃烧烤食品和膨化食物超过一周一次。小学生实际获得知识途径前两位为电视网络(49.2%)、父母(25.4%)。而小学生更愿意通过讲座(43.5%)、网络途径(40.0%)获得相关知识。结论 调查对象营养与食品安全知识掌握程度偏低,存在一些不良的饮食习惯,亟需通过健康教育来进行干预,提高调查对象的健康水平。

Objective To understand the knowledge and diet habit among students from grade 4 to grade 6 in primary school with regard to nutrition and food-related in Changzhi urban,in order to provide basis for the following health education. Methods A questionnaire survey of nutrition and food safety knowledge for primary school students was conducted among 1 265 primary school students selected from grade 4 to grade 6 in 8 primary schools by cluster random sampling in Changzhi urban area from September to December 2013. Results Respondents score about nutrition and food safety knowledge was low,and nutrition knowledge score was lower than food safety knowledge score.The difference was statistically significant (t=29.37,P<0.001).Nutrition knowledge score of students from grade 6 was higher than the score of students from grade 4 and 5(F=15.600,P<0.001).The score of the only child was higher than the score of the non-only-child (t=19.280,P<0.001).Food safety knowledge score of girls was higher than the score of boys(t=2.840,P=0.005).70.7% primary school students ate breakfast every day.21.7% and 36.0% primary school students could eat eggs and milk daily for guarantee.53.9% of primary school students could eat fruits every day.However,39.6% and 24.1% students would eat fried food and pickled foods more than once a week.29.0% and 29.9% primary school students would eat barbecue food and puffed food more than once a week.The firth two ways for the primary school students to get knowledge were networks (49.2%) and parents (25.4%),but they would rather obtain the relative knowledge by health lecture (43.5%) and the network (40.0%). Conclusions The degree of respondents nutrition and food safety knowledge is low,there are also some bad diet habits.The health education is badly needed to intervene and improve the health level.