目的 了解云南省少数民族贫困地区6～23月龄儿童缺铁性贫血现状,为制定儿童贫血干预措施提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取云南省不同程度贫困地区1 226名6～23月龄儿童进行血常规、血清铁蛋白测定及体格检查,同时对其看护人进行问卷调查。结果 研究对象中,儿童贫血患病率为47.15%,其中,缺铁性贫血患病率为32.87%;不同程度贫困地区儿童缺铁性贫血率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。缺铁性贫血的多因素Logistic回归分析显示男童比女童患缺铁性贫血的危险性增加;随着儿童年龄增大,患缺铁性贫血的危险性降低;母亲职业为农民、家庭年收入越低、未给儿童补充营养包是6～23月龄儿童贫血的危险因素。结论 云南省少数民族贫困地区6～23月龄儿童缺铁性贫血患病率较高,贫困、健康服务可及性差、未补充营养包是缺铁性贫血患病危险因素。应开展多种形式的健康教育,加强儿童家长的喂养指导,合理添加辅食,同时建议扩大贫困地区6～23月龄儿童营养包补充范围及多种防治方法。

Objective To understand iron deficiency anemia (IDA) status,analyze its influencing factors among children aged 6~23 months in rural minority areas in Yunnan,provide scientific references for making formulating interventions. Methods A total of 1 226 children aged 6~23 months from different poverty levels areas were recruited by using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method,and their anthropometric measurements,hemoglobin,MCV,MCH,MCHC and ferritin levels were obtained.A caregiver questionnaire was also administered. Results Anemia prevalence rate was 47.15% among 1 226 children aged 6~23 months,IDA prevalence rate was 32.87%.There was statistical different anemia prevalence in areas with different poverty levels.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male children had the higher risk of IDA,the risk of IDA decreased with increasing age,mother's occupations were farmers,lower income of family,without adding nutrition package for children were positively associated with children IDA. Conclusions IDA prevalence rates among 6~23 months children in rural minority areas in Yunnan are high.Poverty,poor accessibility of health care and without adding nutrition package for children are risk factors.The study suggests that parents' nutrition knowledge and feeding guidance need to be strengthened,and it is necessary to give nutrition package to wider rural young children to reduce IDA during infancy and childhood in Yunnan.