目的 了解西安市0~3岁婴幼儿骨密度现状,探讨年龄、性别及季节对婴幼儿骨密度的影响,为婴幼儿骨强度不足早期防治提供依据。方法 采用定量超声技术,测定7 207例0~3岁婴幼儿左侧胫骨的超声速度(speed of sound,SOS)和Z值,并对不同性别、不同年龄、不同季节的骨密度不足检出率进行比较分析。结果 女童骨密度Z值低于男童(P<0.001);不同月龄婴幼儿骨密度SOS和Z值间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),0~3月龄组的SOS值最低,0~3月和3~6月龄组Z值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。骨强度不足总检出率为74.29%,其中女童检出率(81.10%)高于男童(68.02%)。0~3月和3~6月龄组骨强度不足检出率达90%以上;骨强度不足检出率随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P<0.001)。冬季男童骨的SOS值最低。结论 本地区婴幼儿需常年补充钙剂及维生素D制剂;生后0~6个月是防治骨强度不足的关键时期。女童易发生骨强度不足。

Objective To investigate the present situation of 0~3 years old infants' bone mineral density (BMD) in Xi'an,and to explore the effect of age,gender and season on infants' BMD,in order to provide evidence for early prevention of bone strength deficiency. Method Quantitative ultrasound was used to check BMD in the left tibia middle point for 7 207 children aged 0~3 years old,and then ultrasonic bone mineral density values of different genders,ages and seasons were analyzed and compared. Results Bone mineral density speed of sound (SOS) value in girls was significantly lower than boys(P<0.001).There was significant difference in bone mineral density SOS and Z values for different month-old infants (P<0.001).The SOS values of 0~3 months were the lowest.And the Z values of 0~3 months and 3~6 months were no significantly difference (P>0.05).The overall incidence rate of bone strength deficiency was 74.29%,which in girls (81.10%) was significantly higher than that in boys (68.02%).The incidence rate of bone strength deficiency in 0~3 months and 3~6 months were higher than other ages.And it decreased with the age increased.The SOS value of boy in the winter was the lowest. Conclusions The infants and young children need to be supplemented calcium and vitamin D.The key period to prevent and treat of bone strength insufficiency is 0 to 6 months after birth,and girls are prone to bone strength insufficiency.