目的 探索Gesell发育量表对2岁以内孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿的应用效果,为其早期诊断及干预提供科学依据。方法 对年龄在24月龄以内的55例ASD患儿、40例精神发育迟滞患儿及131名正常儿童,运用Gesell发育量表对其进行测评,并对3组儿童的发育商进行分析比较。结果 87.26%的ASD组患儿在Gesell发育量表中表现为不同程度的发育迟缓;ASD组患儿及精神发育迟滞组患儿在五个能区中的得分都低于正常对照组儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ASD组患儿与精神发育迟滞组患儿在适应性行为及精细动作上的得分与其相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ASD组患儿在大运动能区的得分优于精神发育迟滞组患儿,在语言及个人-社交能区,ASD组得分低于精神发育迟滞组患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 2岁以内ASD患儿即有发育落后及发育不平衡的现象,以语言及个人-社交发育落后明显,大运动发育相对接近正常为特征,进行Gesell发育量表评估有利于对ASD患儿的早期发现。
Abstract
Objective To explore the evaluation of Gesell Developmental Scale on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children under 2-year-old. Methods Gesell Developmental Scale was used to evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children under 2-year-old,who were divided into three groups including 55 children with ASD,40 children with mental retardation (MR),and 131 normal children.The development quotients of the three groups were compared with each other. Results The growth retardation rate of ASD group was 87.26%.There were no significant differences in the developmental quotients of adaptability and fine motor between ASD group and MR group (P>0.05).The developmental quotient of gross motor in ASD group was significantly higher than that of MR group (P<0.05).With respect to developmental quotients of language and individuality,ASD group were significantly lower than MR group (P<0.05). Conclusions Children with ASD under 2-year-old could perform growth retardation and imbalance development with obvious language,individuality retardation and relative normal gross motor.Gesell Developmental Scale is helpful to early detection of ASD children.
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍 /
Gesell发育量表 /
患儿
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
Gesell Developmental Scale /
children
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