目的 分析学龄期哮喘患儿存在的行为问题并分析护理对策。方法 随访学龄期哮喘患儿64例,用自制的哮喘儿童家长疾病认知调查表、Conners父母问卷(PQS)分析患儿哮喘管理现状及存在的行为问题,应用延续护理措施引导患儿家长参与哮喘疾病管理、关注并改善患儿行为问题。结果 延续护理干预后家长坚持规范用药、避免哮喘触发因素、正确吸入气雾剂、《全球哮喘防治创议》(GINA)方案及行为问题知晓率明显高于干预前。哮喘患儿常伴有品行问题、学习问题、心身障碍、冲动-多动、焦虑等行为问题,延续护理干预6个月后患儿学习问题得以改善(P=0.021 3)、焦虑、心身障碍无明显改善(P=0.058 4,0.317 4),特别是干预1年改善更明显(P=0.004 0,0.016 2,0.037 8)。结论 学龄期哮喘儿童常伴有比较明显的行为问题,长期规范的延续护理干预能引导家长坚持哮喘长期管理、改变教养理念及方式,有效改善患儿行为问题。

Objective To analyze behavior problems and discuss nursing countermeasure in schoolage children with asthma. Method 64 schoolage children were interviewed,and a self-made disease cognition questionnaire was used for asthma children and their parents,Conners Parent Questionnaire(PQS) was used to analyze management status and behavior problems on them.In addition,continuous nursing measures were introduced to navigate these parents to participate in management of asthma,and improve behavior problems of these children. Results After continuous nursing measures,parents sticking to proper medicine use,avoiding to asthma trigger factors,properly using inhalation aerosol and awareness of Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) program and behavior problems were much higher than before.Children with asthma were often accompanied with problems in conduct,learning,psychosoma,behavior problems such as impulse-hyperactivity and anxiety.However,at 6 months after continuous nursing measures,schoolage children with asthma achieved very significant improvements in learning,anxiety and psychosomatic disorder(P=0.0213,0.0584,0.3174),and the effects became even more obvious after 1 year(P=0.0040,0.0162,0.0378). Conclusion Schoolage children with asthma are often accompanied with obvious behavior problems,and a long-term regulated continuous nursing measures can guide their parents to stick to long-term asthma management,change of educational notions and methods,so as to effectively improve behavior problems of these children.