目的 比较孤独症儿童在双任务情境下的执行功能差异,探究孤独症儿童与正常儿童执行功能间的差异。方法 运用图片工作记忆卡片、心理旋转、昼/夜stroop和手部游戏任务对48名孤独症儿童进行执行功能测试,并设置高低音频组作为双任务探测模式,运用独立样本t检验进行统计分析。结果 高低音频组间孤独症儿童执行功能任务得分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),花费的时间存在差异,即高音频刺激时孤独症儿童需更多时间完成任务(P＜0.05);孤独症儿童与对照组儿童在执行功能的得分和花费的时间上差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 孤独症儿童对高音频刺激较为敏感,声音刺激可能是影响其完成执行功能任务的原因之一;孤独症儿童的执行功能能力显著弱于正常儿童。
Abstract
Objective To explore the executive function in dual-task situation of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),and to find the differences of executive function between ASD and normal children. Methods Working memory cards,mental rotation cards,day-night stroop and hand game tasks were used to perform a functional test of 48 children with ASD.Simultaneously,high and low voice frequency stimulation groups was set up as dual-task test mode.All the data were analyzed by independent sample t-test. Results The task scores of executive function of children with ASD showed no difference between the two groups (P>0.05),but high voice frequency stimulation resulted in more time to complete the tasks for ASD children (P<0.05).There were significant differences of executive function scores and total time between children with ASD and normal children (P<0.05). Conclusions Children with ASD are more sensitive to the simulation of high voice frequency,and sound stimulation may affect children with ASD to complete the executive function tasks.The executive function of children with ASD is significantly weaker than normal children.
关键词
孤独症 /
执行功能 /
双任务
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
executive functions /
dual-task
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Baxter AJ,Brugha TS,Erskine HE,et al.The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders[J].Psychological Medicine,2015,45(3):601-613.
[2] Takahashi T,Yoshimura Y,Hiraishi H,et al.Enhanced brain signal variability in children with autism spectrum disorder during early childhood[J].Human Brain Mapping,2016,37(3):1038-1050.
[3] 李莉,朱湘茹,李永鑫.执行功能的理论研究综述[J].心理研究,2012,5(2):50-53.
[4] Hoffmann E,Brück C,Kreifelts B,et al.Reduced functional connectivity to the frontal cortex during processing of social cues in autism spectrum disorder[J].Journal of Neural Transmission,2016,123(8):1-11.
[5] 李美华,白学军.执行功能中认知灵活性发展的研究进展[J].心理学探新,2005,25(2):35-38,43.
[6] Andersen PN,Skogli EW,Hovik KT,et al.Working memory arrest in children with high-functioning autism compared to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:results from a 2-year longitudinal study[J].Autism:The International Journal of Research and Practice,2015,19(4):443-450.
[7] Schaaf RC,Benevides TW,Leiby BE,et al.Autonomic dysregulation during sensory stimulation in children with autism spectrum disorder[J].Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2013,45(2):461-472.
[8] Chang MC,Parham LD,Blanche EI,et al.Autonomic and behavioral responses of children with autism to auditory stimuli[J].American Journal of Occupational Therapy,2012,66(5):567-576.
[9] Zimmerman DL,Ownsworth T,O'Donovan A,et al.Independence of hot and cold executive function deficits in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder[J].Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,2016,10:24.
[10] Rahko JS,Vuontela VA,Carlson S,et al.Attention and working memory in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder:A functional MRI study[J].Child Psychiatry & Human Development,2015,47(3):503-517.
[11] Ozonoff S,Pennington BF,Rogers SJ.Executive function deficits in high-functioning autistic individuals:relationship to theory of mind[J].Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,and Allied Disciplines,1991,32(7):1081-1105.
[12] Schuh JM,Eigsti IM,Mirman D.Discourse comprehension in autism spectrum disorder:Effects of working memory load and common ground:working memory,common ground and discourse in ASD[J].Autism Research,2016.doi:10.1002/aur.1632.
[13] Chen SF,Chien YL,Wu CT,et al.Deficits in executive functions among youths with autism spectrum disorders:an age-stratified analysis[J].Psychological Medicine,2016,46(8):1625-1638.
[14] Yeung MK,Han YMY,Sze SL,et al.Abnormal frontal theta oscillations underlie the cognitive flexibility deficits in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders.[J].Neuropsychology,2016,30(3):281-295.
[15] Russell J,Jarrold C,Hood B.Two intact executive capacities in children with autism:implications for the core executive dysfunctions in the disorder[J].Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,1999,29(2):103-112.
[16] Adams NC,Jarrold C.Inhibition and the validity of the stroop task for children with autism[J].Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2009,39(8):1112-1121.
基金
宁夏回族自治区卫计委重点科研计划课题(2014-NW - 010)
PDF(579 KB)
