目的 了解珠海市香洲区学龄前儿童听力状况,为儿童听力保健工作的顺利开展提供依据。方法 采取整群随机抽样的方法,抽取珠海市香洲区13家幼儿园1 686例4~7岁儿童作为调查对象,用便携式测听仪进行初筛,对初筛未通过者于珠海市妇幼保健院耳鼻咽喉科进行专科检查和定向条件发射检查进行复筛,两次筛查未通过者进入听力中心进行诊断性检查。结果 1 686例儿童中,最终诊断听力损失24例,检出率1.42%(24/1 686);其中双耳听力损失8例,现患率0.47%(8/1 686),其中轻度听力损失2例,中度听力损失5例,重度听力损失1例;单耳听力损失16例(左耳9例,右耳7例),现患率0.95%(16/1 686);24例听力损失的可能原因:中耳炎13例(13/24,54.17%);外耳道闭锁1例(1/24,4.17%);耳毒性药物史1例(1/24,4.17%);头部外伤史1例(1/24,4.17%);大前庭导水管扩大1例(1/24,4.17%);无明确原因7例(7/24,29.17%)。结论 珠海香洲区学龄前儿童听力下降主要是由分泌性中耳炎引起,定期进行听力保健及积极预防和治疗中耳炎是减少听力损失的有效措施。

Objective To investigate the hearing of preschool children in Zhuhai,and propose appropriate suggestions for child hearing care. Methods Cluster sampling method was applied to select 1 686 children aged 4~7 years from 13 kindergartens in Zhuhai.All the subject received intial hearing screening by protable audiometer.The children who failed the intial hearing screening received specialized examination by ENT doctor and secondary hearing screening.The children who failed the initial and secondary screening received diagnostic examination in the hearing examination center. Results Of 1 686 children,24 (10.2%) failed to pass audiological assessment in hearing examination center.In these 24 children,8(0.47%) had binaural hearing loss,2 were mild hearing loss,5 were moderate hearing loss,1 was severe hearing loss;16(0.95%) had single ear hearing loss.Analysis the cause of the hearing loss:13(54.17%)had otitis media;1(4.17%) was external auditory canal atresia;1 (4.17%) had totoxic drugs;1 (4.17%) had head injury;1 (4.17%) had vestibular aqueduct syndrome ;7(29.17%)didn't have clear cause. Conclusions The proportion of otitis media caused light and moderate hearing loss for preschoolers in Zhuhai is higher.Regular hearing care and active otitis media prevention and treatment are effective measures to reduce hearing loss.