目的 对小学高年级儿童家庭教养方式进行调查,并分析教养方式对抑郁障碍的影响。方法 采用随机抽样方法,选取陕西澄城、白水两贫困县各4所小学4～6年级833名学生,用程灶火编制的“家庭教养方式问卷”和苏林雁编制的“儿童抑郁障碍自评量表”对研究对象进行调查。结果 1)在激励-惩罚维度得分上女生高于男生(P=0.001)。不同年级学生在尊重-羞辱、关心-袒护、宽容-放纵、管教-控制、期望-苛求维度得分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同家庭经济状况儿童在民主-独裁、关心-袒护、宽容-放纵、管教-控制和期望-苛求维得分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父亲不同文化程度的儿童在民主-独裁、宽容-放纵、管教-控制、期望-苛求4个维度分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2)不同性别、年级、家庭经济条件、父亲不同文化水平间抑郁得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3)六年级学生抑郁得分与父/母教养方式中的尊重-羞辱维度及与母亲关心-袒护维度均呈正相关(r=0.167 6,0.161 8,0.172 6)。经济状况一般的学生抑郁得分与民主-独裁和宽容-放纵维度得分呈负相关(r=-0.174 2,-0.104 5)。父亲小学和大学文化程度的儿童抑郁得分与期望-苛求维度均呈负相关(r=-0.351 2,-0.241 3)。结论 小学高年级学生家庭在养育儿童中存在不良的教养方式,是导致儿童产生抑郁的外部因素,应该引起学龄家长们的重视。

Objective To study family upbringing style of grade 4~6 school children,and to analyse their effects on depressive disorder. Methods By random sampling,833 students of grade 4～6 in the central Shaanxi were collected.All subjects were investigated by Family Upbringing Style Questionaire (FUSQ) and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRS). Results 1)Among parents upbringing styles,there were differences in scores of award-penaltyin different sexes,girls` was higher than boys'(P=0.001).The scores of respect-shame,attention-shield,tolerant-acolasia,discipline-control,expect-exaction were statistically significant(P<0.05)in different grades.There were statistically differences in scores of democracy-dictatorship,attention-shield,tolerant-acolasia,discipline-control and expect-exaction(P<0.05)in different family income.In different culture levels of father,there were statistically differences in scores of democracy-dictatorship,tolerant-acolasia, adiscipline-control,and expect-exaction(P<0.05).2)Differences of depressive disorder existed in different sexes,grades,family economic condition and father culture levels(P<0.05).3) Depressive disorder scores of students from grade 6 were related to respect-shame of parents' upbringing style and attention-shield of mother(r=0.167 6,0.161 8,0.172 6).Negative correlation existed between depressive disorder scores of students in general economic condition and democracy-dictatorship,tolerant-acolasia(r=-0.174 2,-0.104 5),and also existed between depressive disorder scores of students whose fathers' culture were primary school education and university education (r=-0.351 2,-0.241 3). Conclusions The negative family upbringing styles are general in primary school students` families,which is a major exogenous factor lead to depressive disorder.It should be paid much attention for parents.