目的 了解广泛性焦虑在学龄前儿童的分布情况,探讨学龄前儿童广泛性焦虑与家庭养育环境和社会生活能力的关系,为保护学龄前儿童身心健康提供建议和措施。方法 以太原市城区具有代表性的三所幼儿园中3～6岁儿童为研究对象,采用分层整群抽样的方法,选出969例样本,运用Spence学前儿童焦虑量表、婴儿-初中学生社会生活能力量表、家庭养育环境量表进行研究。数据处理单因素分析采用χ²检验和t检验,多因素采用非条件Logistic回归分析。结果 969例样本中检出广泛性焦虑阳性者124例(12.8%),其中男童73例(14.48%),女童51例(10.96%)。性别和班级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在社会生活能力量表中,焦虑组与非焦虑组在独立生活、运动、作业操作、参加集体活动、自我管理这五个领域差异均有统计学意义(t=3.495,2.973,4.285,3.433,3.94,P值均<0.05);在家庭养育环境量表中,两组在语言/ 认知、情感温暖/自我表达、社会适应/自我管理、忽视/干涉/惩罚、活动多样性/游戏参与、环境气氛六个因子差异均有统计学意义(t=4.444,5.234,5.394,-6.909,4.001,5.935,P值均<0.05)。结论 广泛性焦虑及共患其他焦虑在学龄前儿童很常见,学龄前儿童广泛性焦虑与社会生活能力、家庭养育环境有关。对其父母进行心理养育咨询可以预防和早期干预儿童焦虑。

Objective To understand the demographic distribution of preschool children's generalized anxiety disorder (GAD),and investigate the relation between family nurture environment and social life abilities,and provide the ways to protect the somatic and mental health of preschool children. Methods A total of 969 preschoolers aged 3~6 were selected and their parents were asked to complete the "Spence Preschool Children's Anxiety Scale","Infant-Junior Middle School Students' Social Life Abilities Scale","Family Nurture Environment Scale".The data were analyzed by means of t-test and Logistic regression analysis. Results The relevance ratio on the GAD was 12.8%,and the relevance ratio in males (14.48%) was higher than that in females (10.96%).Gender and grade had no significant differences (P>0.05).The item of social life ability showed significant differences among the independent living (t=3.495,P<0.05),movement (t=2.973,P<0.05),operations (t=4.285,P<0.05),attending collective activities (t=3.433,P<0.05),self-management (t=3.94,P<0.05).In the family nurture environment scale,the two groups had significant difference in aspects of language/cognitive (t=4.444,P<0.05),emotional warmth/self expression (t=5.234,P<0.05),and social adaptation/self management (t=5.394,P<0.05),ignore/interference/punishment (t=-6.909,P<0.05),to participate in activity diversity/game (t=5.935,P<0.05),the environment/atmosphere (t=4.001,P<0.05). Conclusions Generalized anxiety and other comorbid anxiety are very common in preschool children,preschool children's generalized anxiety associated with social life ability,family nurture environment.Children's anxiety can be prevention and early intervention by raising consultation on preschool children's parents.