目的 探讨高功能孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童智力结构特征。方法 采用韦氏儿童智力量表第4版中文版(WISC-IV)对50例(97.62±2.28)月龄的ASD儿童及与之年龄和性别相匹配的50例(96.86±2.21)月龄正常儿童作为对照组进行测试,比较分析两组在WISC-Ⅳ的各个指数和合成分数,并就量表的智力模型与ASD的智力结构进行拟合检验。结果 ASD组除工作记忆与对照组差异无统计学意义外(P=0.077),在总智商和其它智力维度上均低于对照组(均P<0.05),尤以加工速度为显著[(88.54±13.23)vs(103.80±13.94)]。与对照组相比,ASD组显现工作记忆强于加工速度的优势模式的比例为44%(χ2=6.618,P=0.010)。验证性因子分析提示ASD智力结构在WISC-Ⅳ智力模型中卡方准则未能达标(P=0.030),构建新模型后不符实际未能修正。结论 本组ASD儿童的智力水平虽在正常范围,但普遍低于对照组儿童,结构分析表明ASD具有工作记忆优势和加工速度劣势共存特点,其群体智力结构有待进一步建模分析。
Abstract
Objective To explore the intelligence structure in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods With the Chinese version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-Ⅳ),The intelligence in a sample including 50 ASD children and 50 control children were tested.The different dimensions of intelligence in WISC-Ⅳ were compared between ASD and control groups and the fitness of the WSIC-Ⅳ structure was also examined in ASD children. Results The working memory index showed no differences between ASD and control groups (P=0.077),and the processing speed index was the worst in ASD children[P<0.001,(88.54±13.23) vs (103.80±13.94)].The full scale intelligence quotient and other dimensions of WISC-Ⅳ in ASD children were lower significantly compared with typical children (P<0.05).Significant strengths of ASD children were observed on working memory with a percentage of 44% compared with processing speed (χ2=6.618,P=0.010).Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the intelligence structure of WISC-Ⅳ provided moderate fit in ASD children.The statistical model of intelligence structure was rebuild in the ASD sample because the χ2 statistic didn't achieve ideal condition (P=0.030),but the new model was impractical. Conclusions The intelligence of ASD children is in normal range but lower than control children.ASD children show strengths on working memory and weakness on processing speed.Further studies investigating a best intelligence structure in ASD children are needed.
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍 /
智力结构 /
工作记忆 /
加工速度
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
intelligence structure /
working memory /
processing speed
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