目的 了解铜陵市学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题现状及其影响因素,为制定相应的干预措施提供依据。方法 采取整群随机抽样法,抽取铜陵市11所幼儿园2 408名学龄前儿童的父母进行调查,内容包括一般情况调查表、长处和困难问卷(SDQ)(父母版)。结果 获得有效问卷2 184份。SDQ困难总分和5个因子异常检出分别是252人(11.5%)、1 052人(48.2%);男童的困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能、同伴交往问题、亲社会行为得分高于女童(P＜0.05);各年龄组儿童的SDQ困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能、同伴交往问题和亲社会行为得分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。Logistic 回归分析显示,儿童情绪和行为问题的危险因素有:父亲吸烟半包以上、性别是男童、胎儿窘迫、非核心家庭。母亲本科及以上文化程度是保护因素。儿童年龄越小发生情绪和行为问题的风险越大。结论 铜陵市学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题发生率较高,应进行针对性的早期干预。

Objective To understand the situation of emotional and behavioral problems and its influencing factors of preschool children in Tongling city,and to provide the method for the intervention. Method A total of 2 408 children in nurseries who were sampled from Tongling city in stratified and cluster sampled were investigated by general situation questionnaire and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Result The detection rate of the score of SDQ and 5 factors were 11.5% and 48.2%.Scores of difficulties,conduct problems,hyperactivity,peer interaction problems,the prosocial behavior of boys were higher than girls (P<0.05).The scores of all age groups of the total difficulties,conduct problems,hyperactivity,attention deficit,peer interaction problems and prosocial behavior had statistically significant differences(P<0.05).By logistic regression analysis,the risk factors of children's emotional and behavioral problems were:the smoking of the father,male,fetal distress,not core family.The mother of highly educated was the protection factor.When children were younger,the risk of emotional and behavioral problems of them was higher. Conclusion The emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children are outstanding,and the corresponding measures should be taken to intervene.