目的 评估幼儿居家环境伤害危险因素及干预效果。方法 采用系统抽样法在儿童保健门诊抽取120名满1周岁的幼儿家庭,通过自拟《儿童家庭安全环境评估表》及全球儿童安全网络推荐的5S家居用品安全检查原则,以医务人员入户访视的方式对幼儿居家环境进行危险因素评估,并指导干预。结果 75项家庭环境危险因素,干预前有53项被检出,检出率为0.92%~78.90%之间;其中危险因素检出率在50%以上的有“房门未使用安全门卡或门挡(78.90%)”、“电话机旁无急救电话卡(64.22%)”、“未使用的电源插座无防护(54.13%)”和“非烹饪时灶上放锅(50.46%)”。“房门未使用安全门卡或门挡”等11项环境指标的危险因素在干预前后检出率变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对环境指标赋值结果显示,干预前平均评估得分(67.9±4.4)分,干预后平均得分(72.9±2.3)分,两者差异有统计学意义(t=15.542,P<0.001)。干预期间幼儿居家伤害发生率为3.67%。结论 通过医务人员上门实施幼儿居家环境危险因素评估和干预,能有效减少幼儿居家伤害发生。预防幼儿居家伤害要加强居家安全防护用品的使用和厨房、卫生间的安全防范。

Objective To assess the injury risk factors of children's home environment and the effect of intervention. Methods A total of 120 one-child families were selected in child health clinic by systematic sampling,their family environment were assessed and invented by medical staff door-to-door referring to Self-designed Children's Home Security Assessment form,and the 5S principle of household goods safety inspection recommended by the Safe Kids Worldwide. Results A total of 53 family environmental risk factors were detected in 75 family environmental risk factors before the intervention.The detection rate ranged from 0.92% to 78.90%.There were the door without security card or door stop(78.90%),the telephone without emergency phone cards(64.22%),unused power socket without protection(54.13%) and pan on the stove without cooking with the detection rate of more than 50%.The differences about the detection rate of the 11 environmental risk factors including the door without security card or door stop before and after the intervention were statistically significant(P<0.01).To assign the environmental index showed that the average assignment scores before the intervention were 67.9±4.4,and 72.9±2.3 after.There was statistically significant difference between the scores(t=15.542,P<0.001).The rate of children injury in home was 3.67% during the intervention.Conclusions The children home injury can be effectively reduced children's home environment risk factors assessment and the intervention by the medical staff implement.Prevention of children's home injury needs to strengthen the use of home security products and the safety precaution in the kitchen and bathroom.