目的 了解西安市区学龄前儿童患龋状况和相关影响因素,为制定儿童龋病预防和干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法 ,对西安市3所幼儿园881名学龄前儿童进行口腔健康调查,并对儿童家长进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 18.0软件对结果 进行统计学分析。结果 西安市区学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率、龋均和充填率分别为51.08%、2.25颗和8.88%,各年龄组间患龋率(χ²=13.260,P<0.05)和龋均(F=24.320,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义,患龋率和龋均随着年龄增长而上升,患龋率和龋均在不同性别之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果 显示,年龄增大、断奶年龄晚、每天食用甜食频率高、软垢指数高是学龄前儿童患龋的危险因素,正确的刷牙方法 、刷牙次数多、使用含氟牙膏是学龄前儿童患龋的保护性因素。结论 西安市区学龄前儿童乳牙患龋情况严重,充填率低,建议加强口腔健康知识宣传,培养良好口腔卫生习惯,采取局部用氟、窝沟封闭等干预措施,预防儿童龋病发生。

Objective To investigate the status of dental caries on deciduous teeth and influencing factors among preschool children in Xi'an,provide a scientific basis for making prevention and intervention measures of dental caries in children. Methods The cluster random sampling method was used in this study.A total of 881 preschool children in 3 kindergartens were surveyed,the questionnaires were completed by their parents.The results were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Results The prevalence,mean dmft and filling rate of dental caries among preschool children in Xi'an was 51.08%,2.25 and 8.88% respectively.There were significant differences (P<0.05) in caries prevalence and mean dmft among different age groups,the caries prevalence and mean dmft increased as children were growing up.There were no significant differences in caries prevalence and mean dmft among different gender groups.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of caries in preschool children were the older age,the later weaning time,the higher frequency for daily consumption of sweets,and the higher debris index.The results also showed that the correct brushing method,brushing frequency and using fluoride toothpaste were protective factors for children suffering from caries. Conclusions The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children is relatively high in Xi'an,however,the filling rate is low.To strengthen the publicity of oral health knowledge,culture scientific oral hygiene habits,take topical fluoridation,pit and fissure sealant are very important for preventing dental caries of children.