目的 了解2014年云南省6个少数民族和汉族中小学生的生长发育高峰期及其前后时期发育量的现状及特点,并分析各个民族中小学生的发育差异,为制定少数民族学生营养改善计划相关策略与措施提供科学依据。方法 利用2014年全国学生体质与健康调研数据,对在云南省7个州(市)随机抽取的23 728名7~18岁中小学生,对6个少数民族(白族、傣族、哈尼族、傈僳族、纳西族和佤族)中小学生与同省汉族学生身高、体重、胸围三项指标的均值进行比较分析,指标的测定方法 按《2014年全国学生体质与健康调研工作手册》要求。结果 2014年调查人群男生的身高突增高峰年龄为13岁,峰值为6.51 cm。女生的身高突增高峰年龄为11岁,峰值为6.17 cm。男生的身高突增峰值从高到低依次是:纳西族,傈僳族＞佤族＞傣族＞汉族＞白族＞哈尼族;女生的身高突增峰值从高到低依次是:纳西族＞佤族＞汉族＞傣族＞傈僳族＞哈尼族＞白族。男生的生长突增幅度全距从高到低依次为:纳西族＞傈僳族＞傣族＞哈尼族＞佤族＞汉族＞白族;女生依次为:傈僳族＞白族＞傣族＞纳西族＞汉族＞哈尼族＞佤族。18岁男生的平均身高为(168.15±6.73)cm;七个民族18岁男生的身高从高到低依次为:白族＞纳西族＞汉族＞傣族＞傈僳族＞哈尼族＞佤族。18岁女生的平均身高为(155.82±5.82)cm,18岁女生的身高从高到低依次为:白族＞汉族＞纳西族＞傣族＞傈僳族＞哈尼族＞佤族。男生整个青春发育期的身高、体重和胸围的增长值均大于女生,女生比男生提前两年进入突增高峰年龄符合生长发育规律。结论 云南省七个民族中小学生生长发育高峰期发育量及发育过程各有特点,应根据少数民族学生生长发育的特点,开展有针对性地分人群、分类指导和地区分层干预的学生营养与健康教育模式,提高云南省少数民族学生的体格发育水平。

Objective To study the epidemic status and characteristics of the growth development before and after the growth peak in 6 ethnics and Han students in the primary schools and middle schools in Yunnan in 2014 and to provide the scientific basis and reference on making the policies and strategies of the students' nutrition improvement plan. Methods Using the 2014 national students' physical health survey data,23 728 primary and middle school students who were aged 7~18 years old were in random sample in 7 prefectures in Yunnan.To compare the three indicators (average height,weight and chest circumference) and the determination of index according to the handbook of 2014 national students' physique and health research work. Results In 2014 survey population,the peak height age of boys was 13 years old;The peak value was 6.51 cm.That of the girls was 11 years old and the value was 6.17 cm.The height peak value of boys from high to low in turn was:Naxi,Lisu＞Wa＞Dai＞Han＞Bai＞Hani;That of the girls was:Naxi＞Wa＞Han＞Dai＞Lisu＞Hani＞Bai.The full range of boys' growth spurt from high to low in turn was :Naxi＞Lisu＞Dai＞Hani＞Wa＞Han＞Bai; That of the girls was:Lisu＞Bai＞Dai＞Naxi＞Han＞Hani＞Wa.The average height of 18 years old boys was (168.15±6.73)cm and the height of 18 years old boys from high to low in turn was:Bai＞Naxi＞Han＞Dai＞Lisu＞Hani＞Wa.The average height of 18 years old girls was (155.82±5.82)cm and the height from high to low in turn was:Bai＞Han＞Naxi＞Dai＞Lisu＞Hani＞Wa.The growth development value of height,weight and chest circumference of boys were greater than those of girls.And the girls were in advance 2 years into the exploding peak age than boys.These were conformed to the regular of children and adolescents growth and development. Conclusions The growth peak of development and the development process of 7 ethnics primary and middle school students both have their own characteristics in Yunnan.Based on the characteristics of ethnic students' growth and development,students' intervention,classification of nutrition and health education guidance and regional stratified intervention are carried out to improve the level of physical development of ethnic minority students in Yunnan.