目的 了解芜湖市城区2~6岁幼儿园儿童血红蛋白水平及贫血状况，为防治儿童贫血提供科学依据。方法 于2006-2015年采用随机整群抽样，选取城区6~8所幼儿园适龄儿童为调查对象，测定其身高、体重、血红蛋白等。结果 分析6 468人，贫血患病率为5.9%，其中男、女性为6.0%、5.9%;2006、2010、2015年患病率分别为5.5%、7.5%、4.4%，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同年龄段儿童贫血患病率为3.7%~29.5%，随年龄增加有降低趋势(P<0.05);贫血儿童与正常儿童在体重、身高、体质指数、发育迟缓率、肥胖率方面差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 儿童贫血近年来有所改善，但仍不容乐观，低龄儿童需重视贫血防治，贫血影响生长发育，应采取综合措施防治儿童贫血。

Objective To investigate prevalence of anemia among children aged 2~6 years old in Wuhu district and provide scientific basis for prevention. Methods Random cluster sampling was used to select 2~6 years old children from 6~8 kindergartens in urban area in a period from 2006 to 2015 as respondents,and then the contents of height,weight and hemoglobin were measured. Results Totally 6 468 children were included for the current analysis,the prevalence of anemia was 5.9%,and which in boys and girls were 6%,5.9%,respectively.The prevalence of anemia in 2006,2010 and 2015 were 5.5%,7.5% and 4.4% respectively,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).The prevalence of anemia in different age groups was 3.7%~29.5%,with the increase of age,there was a decreasing trend (P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in weight,height,body mass index (BMI),growth retardation and obesity rate among children with anemia and normal children (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of anemia in children has improved in recent years,but is still not optimistic,especially in children aged 2~4 years old.Anemia may affect the growth and development of children,and comprehensive measures should be taken for prevention and treatment of anemia in children.