目的 探讨家庭养育环境与幼儿社会性和情绪问题相关性，为幼儿的家庭养育提供参考。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法，抽取江苏省南京、镇江、宿迁、盐城、南通5个城市作为调查地区，应用“中国城市的幼儿社会情绪发展量表”及“城市1~3岁幼儿家庭养育环境量表”对1~3岁幼儿的社会性和情绪发展状况与家庭养育环境进行调查。结果 江苏省五城市幼儿不良家庭养育环境检出率为4.16%，幼儿社会性和情绪异常检出率为24.82%;男童在外显行为域得分高于女童(P<0.05)，在社会适应/自理、语言/认知信息和忽视/惩罚得分低于女童(P<0.05);不良家庭养育环境组在外显行为域、内隐行为域和失调域的得分明显高于中等/良好家庭养育环境组，而能力域得分明显低于中等/良好家庭养育环境组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示情感温暖/环境气氛、社会适应/自理、语言/认知信息和忽视/惩罚四个因素得分对中国幼儿社会性及情绪发展影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 幼儿社会性和情绪发展受到家庭养育环境的影响，创造良好的家庭养育环境有利于幼儿社会性和情绪的发展。

Objective To explore family rearing environment correlated with children's social and emotional problems,provide reference for children's parenting. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly selected 1 to 3 years old children from Jiangsu province as survey objects,all children were investigated by Chinese version of Urban Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA) and Urban 1~3-year-old Children Family Rearing Environment Scale;The t-test and correlation study were used to analyze the surveyed results. Results The detection rate of adverse family rearing environment,social and emotional development in urban areas of Jiangsu province was 4.16% and 24.82%.Boys had higher externalizing scores,lower social adaptation/self-care,language/cognitive information and ignore/penalty scores than girls (P all <0.05).The scores of adverse family rearing environment children group were higher in externalizing scales,internalizing scales,deregulation scales,and lower competence scales than those of group of medium/good family rearing environment children group(P<0.05).Emotional warmth/environment atmosphere,social adaptation/self-care,language/cognitive information and ignore/penalty scores affect infant and toddler's social and emotional development (P<0.05). Conclusion Children's social and emotional developments are under the influence of family rearing environment,To create a good family rearing is conducive to the development children's social and emotional developments.