目的 了解潍坊地区过敏性鼻炎、支气管哮喘患儿的主要过敏原,为过敏性疾病的预防及诊治提供参考。方法 对234例患儿(71例过敏性鼻炎、84例支气管哮喘、46例过敏性鼻炎合并支气管哮喘)进行皮肤点刺试验(SPT),并对试验结果进行统计学分析。结果 234例被检测患儿中阳性201例(85.90%)。最常见的两种过敏原为屋尘螨和粉尘螨,分别占总阳性例数的79.10%、77.11%;其余依次为带鱼(17.91%)、狗上皮(17.41%)、海虾(16.92%)、牛奶(13.43%)、青霉菌(12.44%)等;吸入性过敏原组SPT阳性率显著高于食物类过敏原组(P＜0.001);过敏性鼻炎、支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎合并支气管哮喘三组,SPT阳性率分别为88.75%、86.60%、80.70%,且三组间SPT阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 屋尘螨、粉尘螨是潍坊地区最常见的过敏原;随年龄的增长吸入性过敏原皮肤点刺的阳性率有增高趋势,食物类过敏原阳性率随年龄的增长而减少;吸入性过敏原是儿童过敏性鼻炎和支气管哮喘最常见的诱发因素。

Objective To investigate major allergens of children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Weifang region,and to provide evidence for prevention,clinical diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. Methods Skin prick test (SPT) was done in 234 children (71 with allergic rhinitis,84 with bronchial asthma,46 with both allergic rhinitis and asthma),and the findings were analyzed statistically. Results The SPT was performed in the 234 cases,201 cases were positive (85.90%).Two major allergens were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and dermatophagoides farinae (DF),and the positive rates were 79.10% and 77.11%,respectively,followed by hairtail (17.91%),dog epithelium (17.41%),shrimp(16.92%),milk(13.43%),penicillium notatum (12.44%).The positive rate of aeroallergen group was much higher than that of food allergen group (P＜0.01).The SPT positive rates of allergic rhinitis group,bronchial asthma group and both allergic rhinitis and asthma group were 88.75%,86.60% and 80.70%,respectively,and there was no significant differences between three groups in SPT positive rate (P＞0.05). Conclusions DP and DF are two major allergens causing allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in children in Weifang region.SPT positive rate of aeroallergens is increased with increasing age,but SPT positive rate of food allergens is decreased with increasing age.Aeroallergens are the most common allergens causing allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in children.