目的 了解我国城市0~24月龄婴幼儿的过敏性疾病症状发生情况,给儿童过敏的早期预防和干预提供理论依据。方法 按我国的地理和人口分布,在全国范围内选择33个城市,采用整群抽样的方法,在各城市的城区随机选择一个社区作为样本区,调查对象为0~24月龄婴幼儿母亲,进行面对面问卷调查。结果 城市0~24月龄婴幼儿家长报告儿童曾发生或正在发生过敏性疾病症状的比例为40.9%(95%CI:40.1%~41.6%),过敏性疾病各症状的现患率为12.3%(95%CI:11.7%~13.0%);现患的过敏性疾病症状中,发生比例最高的是单一皮疹瘙痒(62.1%);其次是单一眼鼻症状和胃肠道症状,分别为7.6%和6.9%;患病水平高峰在4~6月龄,6月龄以后患病大幅下降(P<0.05)。男童的患病水平高于女童(P<0.05)。19.8%的调查对象曾就医并被诊断为过敏性疾病。结论 我国婴幼儿过敏性疾病患病水平在逐渐接近发达国家和地区,应重视婴幼儿过敏性疾病的一级预防。本研究为未来监测婴幼儿过敏流行趋势和开展过敏筛查、干预工作提供了参考数据。
Abstract
Objective To study the situation of allergic diseases among 0~24 months children in Chinese cities,and to provide theoretical basis for early-stage prevention and intervention against infantile allergies. Methods Thirty-three cities were chosen according to China's geological and demographic distribution.Randomly cluster sampling method was used to choose a community within each city as the sample region,the mothers of children were interviewed and conducted face-to-face questionnaire survey. Results The overall prevalence rate reported from parents for urban 0 to 24 months old was 40.9%(95%CI:40.1%~41.6%),the prevalence rate was 12.3%(95%CI:11.7%~13.0%);among prevalent allergic symptoms,the one with the highest rate was rash and pruritus(62.1%),the second and third highest were symptoms of eyes and nose and gastrointestinal symptoms,accounting for 7.6% and 6.9% respectively;The prevalence rate peaked among infants 4 to 6 months old,prevalence rate dropped sharply among infants older than 6 months(P<0.05).The prevalence rate for boys was higher than that of girls(P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rate of allergic diseases in Chinese infants and toddlers is approaching the level of developed countries and regions,signifying the importance of primary prevention for infantile allergic diseases.This study provides data for monitoring the trendy of infantile allergies as well as carrying out allergy screening and prevention.
关键词
过敏性疾病 /
婴幼儿 /
流行病学调查
Key words
allergic disease /
infant and toddler /
epidemiology invesitigation
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基金
中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心科研项目(2014FY004)
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