目的 了解6~14岁小学生性相关知识水平和知识获得状况,为在小学开展适宜的性教育提供依据。方法 在6省773名6~14岁小学生中进行计算机辅助的自填问卷调查。结果 男生对生理知识的知晓率低于女生,77.9%和74.5%的9~14岁男生不知道遗精和月经是男、女生青春期的主要变化之一;48.0%女生不知道月经是女生青春期的主要变化之一。小学生具有一定的自我保护意识,但对异性缺乏了解,男生表现更突出(P<0.05)。所有的生理和自我保护知识,农村小学生掌握程度都更差。无论城市还是农村地区,家长是主要的来源,母亲的作用更重要,对青春期发育知识缺乏关注。结论 应充分调动家长在性教育中的作用,给予男生和农村地区更多关注,多关注月经/遗精等知识,加强小学生自我保护意识。

Objective To understand sexual knowledge level and acquisition situation in pupils,and provide evidence for sexuality education in primary school. Method Computer-assisted anonymous questionnaire was used among 773 pupils aged 6 to 14.Results Boys knew less about physiological knowledge compared with girls,77.9% and 74.5% of boys aged 9 to 14 didn't know nocturnal emission or menstruation was one of the main changes in male and female adolescents.48% girls aged 9 to 14 didn't know menstruation was one of the main changes in female adolescents.Pupils knew they should protect themselves,but both boys and girls knew little about the opposite sex,situation was more severer for boys (P<0.05).Of all the physiological and protection knowledge,rural ones knew less compared with city ones.Parents were the primary source and mother played a more important role in both city and rural areas.Knowledge of puberty were not concerned.Conclusion More attention should be paid on parents' role,boys and those in rural areas.Importance to menstruation and nocturnal emission should be attached to strengthen self protection consciousness.