目的 分析上海地区儿童综合性医院心理门诊首次来访者的人口学特征、疾病分布,为探索心理卫生服务模式的发展方向提供理论基础。方法 回顾2010-2014年复旦大学附属儿科医院心理科门诊病例资料完整的首诊病例共8 916例,对人口学特征、诊断归类进行统计,分析疾病分布特征。结果 儿童心理门诊首诊人次逐年增加,平均幅度18.17%,就诊人群0~18岁,平均年龄为(6.64±3.47)岁,以0~6岁年龄段人数最多,男童多于女童,男女比例为2.79∶1。因各类精神障碍就诊比例为70.1%,按比例前五位依次为注意缺陷多动障碍、精神发育迟缓、广泛性发育障碍、言语及语言障碍、躯体形式障碍五大类。<6岁组主要精神障碍依次为:广泛性发育障碍、精神发育迟缓以及注意缺陷多动障碍,6~12岁组儿童精神障碍依次为注意缺陷多动障碍、精神发育迟缓以及情绪障碍。青春期常见精神障碍为注意缺陷多动障碍、精神发育迟缓、情绪障碍、躯体形式障碍。结论 综合性儿童医院心理门诊来访者呈快速上升趋势,儿童心理行为问题在不同年龄段和不同性别中呈现特点不同。

Objective To analyse firstly diagnosed children and adolescents by age,sex,disorder distribution in children comprehensive hospital's psychology clinic.Methods A total of 8 916 cases in psychological clinic in Children's Hospital of Fudan University were firstly diagnosed with complete data from 2010 to 2014,medical record data were analyzed on sex,age and other demographic characteristics,and diagnostic classification,intervention statistics,analysis distribution of the each disorder.Results The patients increased every year,the average rate of increasing was 18.17%.The age ranged from 0 to 18 years old,with an average age of 6.64±3.47,the largest age group was from 0 to 6 years old.There were more boys than girls,male to female ratio was 2.79∶1.The rate of various mental disorder was 70.1%,according to the proportion,the top five were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),mental retardation (MR),pervasive developmental disorder (PDD),speech and language disorders,somatoform disorders,of <6 years old age group were:pervasive developmental disorder (PDD),mental retardation (MR),attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),of 7~12-year-old children were ADHD,PDD,MR,pervasive developmental disorder,mental retardation,while the most common mental disorder in puberty group were ADHD,MR,mood disorders and psychosomatic disorder.Conclusion The mental problems in children presents different characteristics in different ages and genders of the children,psychology clinic in children comprehensive hospital need to provide mental health service to the society.