目的 调查枣庄市学龄前儿童孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)流行状况及其影响因素。方法 采用分层整群抽样,抽取枣庄市 2~6岁儿童8 000人,使用克氏孤独症行为量表(Clancy Autism Behavior Scale,CABRS)和自行设计的儿童及家长有关情况问卷进行横断面调查。结果 枣庄市孤独症谱系障碍患病率为6.63‰,男童检出率为5.43‰,女童检出率为1.21‰,男女童比例为4.5∶1;ASD组与非ASD组在父母亲年龄、父亲性格、母孕期的情绪及围生期的疾病分布上有明显不同,差异有统计学意义;回归分析显示孕期情绪好,母亲年龄<35岁为ASD的保护因素;父亲年龄偏大(≥35岁)、父亲性格内向、新生儿窒息、新生儿黄疸为ASD的危险因素。结论 枣庄市2~6岁孤独症谱系障碍患病率与其他地区患病率基本一致,相关因素分析显示做好孕期保健具有重要意义,同时把握最佳生育年龄,避免因父母生育年龄过高而增加后代患ASD病的风险。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the epidemic and related factors of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in preschool children of Zaozhuang city.Methods Radom cluster sampling method was used to select 8 000 children aged 2~6 years old from 5 regions in Zaozhuang city.Clancy Autism Behavior Scale (CABS) and a self-designed questionnaire were used to conduct cross-sectional investigation among the children and their parents. Reaults The positive rate of ASD was 6.63‰,the positive rates in boys was 5.43‰,the positive rates in girls was 1.21‰.The proportion of maternal and paternal age,maternal emotion during in the pregnant time and the disease of perinatal stage in ASD group were higher than those in the normal group.The logistic analysis showed the protective factors of ASD included good maternal emotion and lower maternal age.The higher father paternal age,father introverted,neonatal asphyria and meonatal jaundice were risk factors of ASD.Conclusions The prevalence of ASD in preschool children in Zaozhuang is similar to that of other city.Logistic analysis showed maternal health care during pregnancy has important significance for guiding,and grasping the best child-bearing age could decrease the risk of ASD.
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍 /
患病率 /
影响因素 /
学前儿童
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
prevalence /
influence factors /
preschool children
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