目的 探讨12月龄足月小样儿神经发育和气质特点,为早期干预提供理论依据。方法 采用0~6岁发育筛查测验DST和1~3岁儿童气质量表,对58例12月龄足月小样儿和80例正常足月儿进行对照研究,比较两组发育商(DQ)、智力指数MI和在运动、社会适应、智力能区及气质维度和分型的差异。结果 1)足月小样儿组DQ值可疑的婴儿比例高于正常足月儿组(P<0.05),DQ值中等的婴儿比例、智力能区、MI均值低于正常足月儿组(P<0.05)。2)足月小样儿组的中间偏易养型构成比低于正常足月儿组(P<0.05),足月小样儿组的活动水平维度得分低于正常足月儿组,规律性、趋避性维度得分高于正常足月儿组(P<0.05)。结论 12月龄足月小样儿神经发育落后于正常足月儿,有独特的气质特点,应及早干预。

Objective To explore the characteristic of neurodevelopment and temperament in 12 months old infants of small for gestational age,and provide theoretical basis for early intervention.Methods Neurodevelopment and temperament of 58 small for gestational age infants aged 12 months and 80 normal term infants were assessed with developmental screening test (DST),an intellectual developmental screening test and 1~3-year-old children temperament scale,and the differences of developmental quotient(DQ),mental index(MI),exercise capacity,social adaptation,intelligence,temperament dimensionality and classification were compared between two groups.Results 1) For the small for gestational age infants group,the proportion of suspicious values of DQ were higher than those of normal group (P<0.05).The proportion of medium values of DQ,the values of the intelligence and MI were lower than those of normal group (P<0.05).2)The proportions of intermediate partial easy type in the small for gestational age infant group was lower than the normal term infants group (P<0.05).The value of activity level in the small for gestational age infants group was lower than that of the normal group,and the values of regularity,phobotaxis were higher than those of normal group (P<0.05).Conclusion The neurodevelopment of small for gestational age infants aged 12 months is later than the normal term infants,and the temperament has special character,early intervention is needed if necessary.