目的 分析早产孕产妇和新生儿的临床资料,探讨早产主要高危因素及其并发症,为预防早产发生和改善其临床结局提供资料。方法 采取病例对照研究方法,以102例早产儿为病例组,选择同期分娩的117例足月儿为对照组,采集病历资料并问卷调查。应用非条件 Logistic回归分析早产高危因素。采用χ²检验,比较早产组与足月组高危因素发生率、并发症率以及早产组内不同胎龄、不同出生体重并发症率间的差异。结果 多胎妊娠、胎膜早破、胎盘早剥、妊娠期糖尿病、先兆流产史、前置胎盘、妊娠期高血压为早产高危因素。以发生率排序,胎膜早破与妊娠期糖尿病均居首位,均占早产儿的31.4%,其次为妊娠期高血压与多胎妊娠,分别占23.5%、22.5%。早产儿低血糖、高胆红素血症、颅内出血、贫血、新生儿呼吸窘迫症(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)、感染患病率均高于足月儿(P值均＜0.01)。胎龄为30～34⁺⁶周组早产儿贫血、NRDS患病率均高于胎龄为35～36⁺⁶周组(P＜0.05)。低出生体重早产儿高胆红素血症、贫血、NRDS、感染患病率均高于出生体重≥2 500 g者(P＜0.05)。结论 早产主要高危因素为胎膜早破、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压与多胎妊娠。早产儿并发症发生率高于足月儿,胎龄越小、出生体重越低并发症率越高。而低出生体重早产儿更易发生并发症。

Objective To investigate risk factors and complications of premature,to provide data for prevention and improve clinical outcome. Methods In case control study method,102 premature infants were selected as case group,117 full-term infants as the control group,the medical records and questionnaire survey were collected.Application of unconditioned Logistic regression analysis was used to risk factors for premature,the comparison of rate was used by χ² test. Results Multiple pregnancy,premature rupture of membranes,placental abruption,gestational diabetes,threatened abortion history,placenta previa,gestational hypertension were risk factors for premature.Premature rupture of membranes and gestational diabetes were in the first place according to the incidence of sorting,both accounting for 31.4% of the premature,followed by gestational hypertension and multiple pregnancies,23.5%,22.5% respectively.Low blood sugar,high blood bilirubin,intracranial bleeding,anemia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS),infection rates in premature were higher than the full-term (P＜0.01).Anemia prevalence,NRDS in gestational age group of 30~34⁺⁶ weeks premature were higher than those in 35~36⁺⁶ weeks group(P＜0.05).High blood bilirubin,anemia,NRDS,infection rates in low birth weight premature were higher than those of premature with 2 500 g or higher (P<0.05). Conclusions Premature rupture of membranes,gestational diabetes,gestational hypertension and multiple pregnancy are major risk factors for premature.Premature complication rates are higher than the full-term.With the smaller gestational age,the lower birth weights is,the higher the rate of complications is.Low birth weight premature infants are more likely to have complications.