目的 探讨高功能孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectruum disorder,ASD)儿童和注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童在隐喻和讽刺情景测试(metaphor and sarcasm scenario test,MSST)的表现特征,为二者的鉴别诊断提供依据。方法 选取ASD、ADHD和对照组儿童各40名(三组年龄、智力水平均衡可比),采用修订版MSST和蜡笔盒测试进行检测和分析比较。结果 ASD与ADHD儿童在MSST中的总分、隐喻分均低于对照组(P＜0.01);ADHD组与对照组的讽刺分无差异,但ASD组得分明显低于对照组(P<0.016 7)与ADHD组(P<0.016 7);蜡笔盒测试中,ASD组通过率(65.0%)低于ADHD组(87.5%)(P＜0.05)。结论 ASD与ADHD儿童的隐喻理解能力均较正常儿童差,但ASD儿童表现出特异性的讽刺理解能力缺陷。因此,MSST可为鉴别ASD和ADHD提供特异性辅助依据。
Abstract
Objective To analyse the performance and the difference between autism spectruum disorder(ASD)and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)with the metaphor and sarcasm scenario test(MSST)and the crayon box test,then explore the feasibility of MSST for differential diagnosis of ASD and ADHD. Method A total of 120 children(40 ASD,40 ADHD and 40 typical children)were involved,the scores of this two tests among three groups were compared. Results Compared with typical children,both ASD and ADHD scored lower in metaphor subscale(P＜0.001 ),but the poor comprehension of sarcasm was only observed in ASD(P＜0.016 7).As for the comparison between children with ASD and ADHD,the deficit of comprehending sarcasm was showed in ASD(P＜0.016 7). Conclusions Both ASD and ADHD children show deficits in understanding the metaphor.But the ability to comprehend sarcastic situation is specifically inadequate in ASD.Thus MSST is a potential instrument to discriminate between ASD and ADHD.
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍 /
注意缺陷多动障碍 /
隐喻和讽刺情景测试
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder /
the metaphor and sarcasm scenario test
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 静进.孤独症谱系障碍诊断与治疗进展[J].儿科学大查房,2014,3(2):102-110.
[2] 静进.儿童社会认知发展及与孤独症谱系障碍的关系[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2014,22(12):1233-1235.
[3] Adachi T,Koeda T,Hirabayashi S,et al.The metaphor and sarcasm scenario test:a new instrument to help differentiate high functioning pervasive developmental disorder from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J].Brain Dev,2004,26(5):301-306.
[4] Adachi T,Hirabayashi S,Shiota M,et al.Study of situational recognition of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders,Asperger's disorder and high functioning autism with the Metaphor and Sarcasm Scenario Test (MSST)[J].Brain Dev,2006,38(3):177-181.
[5] O'Hare AE,Bremner L,Nash M,et al.A clinical assessment tool for advanced theory of mind performance in 5 to 12 year olds[J].J Autism Dev Disord,2009,39(9):916-928.
[6] 金宇,静进,森永良子,等.中国日本儿童心理推测能力比较研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2002,16(7):446-447.
[7] Tager-Flusberg H,Sullivan K.A componential view of theory of mind:evidence from Williams syndrome[J].Cognition,2000,76(1):59-90.
[8] Lind SE,Bowler DM.Recognition memory,self-other source memory,and theory-of-mind in children with autism spectrum disorder[J].J Autism Dev Disord,2009,39(9):1231-1239.
[9] Lind SE,Bowler DM.Language and theory of mind in autism spectrum disorder:the relationship between complement syntax and false belief task performance [J].J Autism Dev Disord,2009,39(6):929-937.
[10] Helen SI.Gricean pragmatics in preschoolers:Young children's understanding of sarcasm and irony[J].Doctoral Dissertation,1999,59(8):4-13.
[11] Williams D,Happé F.Representing intentions in self and other:studies of autism and typical development[J].Dev Sci,2010,13(2):307-319.
[12] Samson AC,Hegenloh M.Stimulus characteristics affect humor processing in individuals with Asperger syndrome[J].J Autism Dev Disord,2010,40(4):438-447.
基金
国家自然科学基金(81172687);教育部博士点基金(20110171110053)
PDF(599 KB)
