目的 通过对银川地区中学生急救知识技能掌握程度的摸底调查分析,制定适合中学生特点的急救培训课程及培训模式。方法 设计调查问卷,对2 112名中学生培训前急救知识掌握情况进行测试,培训后采用同一问卷再进行培训效果测试。培训采用“参与式教学法”,使中学生在急救场景设计、技能操作、同学互动中学会急救知识和技能,同时对急救技能操作进行培训前后的效果考核。在2 112名学生中随机抽取12、13、14岁的学生各300名,收集相关数据进行统计、分析,对培训效果进行评价、对比。结果 不同性别、年龄、地区的合格率培训前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在创伤、狗咬伤、心肺复苏、烧烫伤、溺水、气道异物阻塞这6个知识点知晓率培训前后在性别、年龄、地区之间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。76.84%的学生很喜欢“游戏”培训形式,70.52%的学生很喜欢“分小组练习操作”培训形式,63.19%的学生很喜欢“角色扮演”培训形式。结论 运用参与式教学法对中学生进行急救知识和技能的培训,效果明显,方法有效,值得在全国推广应用。

Objective To explore first aid knowledge skills training model that suitable for middle school students through the baseline investigation and analysis of Yinchuan area middle school students to master degree of first aid knowledge skills. Methods By designed questionnaire,2 112 middle school students' first aid knowledge were tested before training,and then the training effect with the same questionnaire were tested after training.With "participatory teaching method",the middle school students learned first aid knowledge and skills in emergency scenario design,skills operation,and interactions between schoolmates.The first aid skills operation training effect was tested before and after training.Among 2 112 students,300 students of 12 years old,13 years old,14 years old were randomly selected,related data were collected for statistics and analysis,the training effect was evaluated . Results Qualified rate of different gender,age,area before and after training had statistically significant difference (P<0.05);In trauma,dog bites,cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR),burns,drowning,airway foreign bodies blocked,the six knowledge awareness of training in gender,age,region had significant difference (P<0.05) before and after training.76.84% of the students liked "game" training form,70.52% liked "work in practice operation" training form ,and 63.19% liked "role play" training form. Conclusion The participatory teaching method to the first aid knowledge and skills training in the middle school students have obvious effects,the method is effective and worth popularizing in the whole country.