目的 了解北京市昌平地区城镇与农村3~6岁集体儿童体质状况,为更好的开展幼儿体格锻炼工作提供科学依据。方法 按照分层整群抽样原则,对1 356名3~6岁儿童进行体质测试,并对结果 进行分析。结果 体格发育状况城镇儿童好于农村儿童。体能素质总体发展为随着年龄增长而增强,男童优于女童,城镇儿童优于农村儿童。男童在灵敏度、爆发力、力量、平衡能力方面均优于女童,女童在协调性和柔韧性方面优于男童。城镇儿童在爆发力、协调性、平衡能力方面优于农村儿童,农村儿童在灵敏度和柔韧性方面优于城镇儿童, 3岁、4岁城镇儿童在上肢力量方面优于农村儿童,但在5岁、6岁两个年龄组农村儿童优于城镇儿童。结论 针对3~6岁集体儿童所在地区和性别差异,应结合其体格发育特点进行科学有效的体格锻炼,促进儿童健康成长。

Objective To know the urban and rural collective physical conditions of children aged 3~6 years old in Changping district and to provid more scientific basis for the better development of children physical exercise work.Methods With the stratified cluster sampling principle,physical fitness test was performed on 1 356 children aged 3~6 years old,and the Results were analyzed. Results The physical development status of girls were better than boys and urban children were better than rural children.The physical quality of overall development was improved by age,boys were better than girls and urban children were better than rural children.Boys were better at sensitivity,explosiveness,strength and balance than girls,while girls were better at coordination and flexibility.Urban children were better at explosiveness,coordination and balance,while rural children were better at sensitivity and flexibility.Urban children aged 3~4 years old were better than rural children with their upper limb strength,while rural children aged 5~6 years old were opposite.Conclusion According to the region and gender differences of collective children aged 3~6 years old,effective scientific physical exercises should be done with the consideration of their physical development characteristics in order to promote the healthy development of children.