目的 对城市婴幼儿喂养行为的干预效果进行分析,为探索改善城市婴幼儿营养喂养行为、提高儿童健康水平的有效方法 提供依据。方法 选取北京等15个城市(区)为研究现场,对所有0~18月龄儿童进行为期一年的干预,方法 包括发放宣传折页、制作宣传墙报、举办家长讲座、观看光盘、指导浏览育儿网站等,内容包括母乳喂养及辅食添加、婴幼儿喂养技术、儿童营养评价及喂养指导、饮食行为问题的预防和矫正、儿童常见营养性疾病的防治方法 、常见婴幼儿营养与喂养问题及解答等。通过比较干预前后儿童的饮食种类、喂养环境、喂养技能等的变化判断干预效果。结果 0~6月龄儿童中开始添加辅食的平均时间(4.4月)比干预前(4.2月)有所延后,添加的第一种辅食(59.3%为米粉,29.1%为蛋黄)及喝果汁的情况(60.5%的儿童没喝果汁,仅16.8%常喝果汁)与干预前有显著性差异。7~12月龄儿童开始添加辅食(5.0月)、断母乳的平均时间(5.2月)均有所延后,添加的第一种辅食(58.9%为米粉,28.4%为蛋黄)、动物性食物的摄入(37.8%每周吃3次以上瘦肉、48.6%每周1次以上肝脏或血)、喝果汁的情况(仅33.5%常喝果汁)、进食方式(74.1%的儿童为面对面喂饭)、诱导进食方式(54.9%通过表扬诱导吃饭,儿童拒绝时49.9%会继续鼓励尝试)比干预前显著改善。13~30月龄儿童动物性食物的摄入(50.9%每周吃3次以上瘦肉、56.9%每周1次以上肝脏或血)、喝果汁的情况(仅29.5%常喝果汁)、进食方式(90.1%单独做饭、45.3%面对面喂饭并鼓励儿童自己吃)、诱导进食方式(64.2%通过表扬诱导吃饭,儿童拒绝时47.2%会继续鼓励尝试)、进食技能的训练(84.1%进行用勺吃饭训练)等也比干预前显著改善。由于方便、实用性高,讲座(35.7%)和宣传折页(36.0%)成为最受欢迎的干预方式。结论 城市婴幼儿的喂养行为通过干预得到了显著改善,接受度最高的干预方式为讲座和宣传折页,今后应尽量多采用这两种方式进行相关干预。

Objective To analyze the effects of intervention on infants feeding in cities,and to provide tips for improving infants feeding behaviors and children's health.Methods Intervention was performed on children aged 0~18 months in 15 cities for one year,including leaflets,wall papers,parental lectures,CD,parenting websites,etc.The contents included breastfeeding,complementary foods introducing,feeding skills,nutrition evaluation and feeding guidance,prevention and treatment of eating behavior problems,prevention of malnutrition diseases,etc.The effects were analyzed by comparing the feeding behaviors before and after intervention. Results For children aged 0~6 months,the average time of introducing complementary foods (4.4m) delayed after intervention,and intakes of the first food (59.3% rice flour,29.1% yolk) and juice (60.5% intake no juice,only 16.8% often intake) were improved.For children aged 7~12 months,the average time of introducing complementary foods (5.0m) and stopping breastfeeding (5.2m) delayed after intervention,the intakes of first food (58.9% rice flour,28.4% yolk),meat (37.8% had lean more than three times a week,48.6% had animal liver or blood more than once a week) and juice (only 33.5% often intake) were improved,so were the patterns of eating (74.1% were feed face to face) and introducing eating (54.9% were introduced by praising,49.9% would keep encouraging when being refused ).For children aged 13~30 months,the intakes of meat (50.9% had lean more than three times a week,56.9% had animal liver or blood more than once a week) and juice (only 29.5% often intake) were improved,so were the patterns of eating (90.1% cook separately,45.3% were feed face to face and encouraged to feed themselves meanwhile) and introducing eating (64.2% were introduced by praising,47.2% would keep encouraging when being refused ),training skills (84.1% were trained to eat by spoons).Lectures (35.7%) and leaflets (36.0%) were accepted widely for convenience and practicability.Conclusion s The intervention improved the infants' feeding behaviors significantly.Interventions carried out by lectures or leaflets are recommended as for their high acceptability.