目的 掌握武汉市儿童血铅值水平变化趋势及与饮食习惯的关系,制定降低儿童血铅水平的营养干预措施。方法 采取分层随机抽取2个城区2条街道所有0~3岁儿童;6所不同等级幼儿园所有3~6岁以上在园儿童作为研究对象。对儿童母亲进行问卷并填写调查表,采集儿童手指血,用钨舟原子吸收光谱仪测定血铅值。结果 儿童铅中毒发生率为0.27%。高铅血症率为6.97 %,男童发生率明显高于女童(P<0.001),不同年龄儿童血铅水平差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.001),其中2岁组儿童血铅值最高。偏爱吃爆米花、松花蛋类食品的儿童高铅血症和铅中毒检出率较高;而服用钙、铁、锌制剂的儿童高铅血症和铅中毒检出率较低。爱吃爆米花和松花蛋是儿童高铅血症和铅中毒的危险因素。结论 对儿童及家长进行必要的宣教,提倡平衡膳食。而营养综合干预应该是降低儿童血铅水平的首选,同时改进传统的食品加工、储存的工艺。
Abstract
Objective To master Wuhan children's blood lead level trends and the relationship between diet and the development of nutrition interventions and reduce children's blood lead levels. Method Stratified random sample of all children aged 0~3 years old from two city streets; and all children over 3 years old from six different grades kindergarten were selected as the research object.Mothers of children were requested to fill out the survey questionnaire,children's finger blood were collected,tungsten boat atomic absorption spectrometry was used to test blood lead values. Results Incidence of childhood lead poisoning was 0.27%.High blood lead was 6.97%,incidence of boys was significantly higher than that of girls (P<0.001),there was a significant difference (P<0.001) in blood lead levels of children of different ages,with the highest blood lead levels of children in 2 years of age group.Children prefer to eat popcorn,and egg categories of food had higher detection rate of blood lead poisoning;while children had taking calcium,iron,zinc preparations lower detection rate of high blood lead and lead poisoning.Eating popcorn and egg were risk factors for high blood lead and lead poisoning. Conclusions Children and parents need to make the necessary education,and advocate a balanced diet.The nutrition interventions should be preferred to reduce children's blood lead levels,while improving traditional food processing and storage technology.
关键词
儿童铅中毒 /
饮食习惯 /
高危因素
Key words
children lead poisoning /
eating habits /
risk factors
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