目的 了解新疆地区13～18岁维、哈、柯等三个少数民族中学生的生长发育状况及之间存在的差异和原因,为改善新疆少数民族中学生体质健康水平提供科学依据。方法 通过文献资料、数理统计、对比分析等研究方法,利用新疆地区1985年和2010年13～18岁少数民族学生体质健康调研所获得的数据,对该地区维、哈、柯等三个少数民族学生的身体形态发育状况作25年的动态观察、对比和分析。结果 近25年间,新疆13~18岁维、哈、柯等少数民族中学生的身高、体重、胸围平均增长值基本保持增长(除了维女生身高,维、柯男生胸围指标外),平均增长值分别为:维男生3.3 cm、3.9 kg、-0.5 cm,维女生 -0.2 cm、0.9 kg、4.2 cm;哈男生6.1 cm、4.8 kg、1.7 cm,哈女生4 cm、4.1 kg、2.6 cm;柯男生4.8 cm、3.6 kg、-0.5 cm,柯女生3 cm、3.3 kg、0.4 cm。维、哈、柯等少数民族学生的身体形态发育各有差异,总体水平:哈男、女生的身体形态发育水平优于维、柯男、女生,柯男、女生的优于维男、女生,且差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05～0.001)。结论 近25年间,新疆维、哈、柯等少数民族中学生的身体形态发育各有差异,身体形态发展不平衡,其原因是多方面的,除了遗传、历史、自然环境、学校、家庭、社会等因素外,最主要与新疆经济发展区域间存在不均衡性有关。

Objective To understand the differences and reasons of the growth and development of 13～18 years old Uyghur,Kazak,Kirgiz middle school students,and to provide a scientific basis for improving the physical health of middle school students in Xinjiang region. Methods Using research methods of literature,statistics and comparative analysis,the data obtained by the Xinjiang region in 1985 and 2010 from 13 to 18 years old ethnic minorities students' health research,were carried out for trends observation,comparison and analysis of Uyghur,Kazak,Kirgiz ethnic students in Xinjiang region within 25 years. Results Nearly 25 years average growth values height,weight,chest circumference of the Uygur,Kazak,Kirgiz ethnic minorities middle school students in Xinjiang remained basic improving(In addition to the height of Uyghur female students,and chest circumference of Uyghur & Kirgiz male students),Average growth values were:Uyghur male students 3.3 cm,3.9 kg,-0.5 cm,Uyghur female students -0.2 cm,0.9 kg,4.2 cm;Kazak male students 6.1 cm,4.8 kg,1.7 cm,Kazak female students 4 cm,4.1 kg,2.6 cm;Kirgiz male students 4.8 cm,3.6 kg、-0.5 cm,Kirgiz female students 3 cm,3.3 kg,0.4 cm.Uyghur,Kazak,Kirgiz ethnic minorities students body shape were varies,the overall level was:Kazak students body shape development was better than Uyghur and Kirgiz,Kirgiz students was better than Uyghur students,And the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05～0.001). Conclusions The body shape development of Xinjiang ethnic minorities of Uyghur,Kazak,Kirgiz are varies and unbalanced in the recent 25 years.The reason are various,In addition to genetics,history,natural environment,school,family,social and other factors,the most important and inter-regional presence is Xinjiang's imbalance economic development.