目的 通过调查了解并比较昆明市城、乡6~24月龄婴幼儿出生早期喂养状况,分析存在的问题,为改善昆明市婴幼儿营养状况提供科学依据。方法 以昆明市城、乡6~24月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象,采用自制的调查表进行横断面问卷调查。结果 昆明市城、乡6~24月龄婴幼儿早期喂养问题突出,且城乡差异显著。1)6月龄纯母乳喂养率较低,城、乡分别为42.1%和57.0%;2)婴儿出生后开奶时间晚,城、乡分别有44.2%和57%的婴幼儿开奶时间超过出生后24 h;3)婴幼儿出生后第一口食物是母乳的比例很低,城、乡分别为22.5%和10.9%;4)出生后婴儿吃的第一口食物主要是配方奶粉(城市占43.8%)和糖水(农村占49%);5)过早(≤4月龄)添加辅食现象普遍,且城市早于农村等。结论 昆明市婴幼儿早期喂养问题不容忽视,尤其是农村地区。及时、准确、全面地对喂养人进行营养健康教育的工作迫在眉睫。

Objective To investigate the existing problems about the feeding of 6 to 24-month infants in the urban and rural areas of Kunming,and provide a basis for improvement of the feeding behaviors and measures to improve the infant and young child complementary feeding. Method A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate breastfeeding and complementary feeding data within 1 201 6 to 24-month infants in the urban and rural area of Kunming. Results Significant difference in early time feeding was found between urban and rural area.1) The rates of almost exclusive breast-feeding were low,42.1% in urban and 57% in rural respectively.2) The rates of early initiation of breast feeding were very low,44.2% in urban and 57% in rural of the infants get the breast feeding over 24 hours after they were born.3)The rates of the first bite of the breast milk were very low,22.5% in urban and 10.9% in rural respectively.4) For most urban and rural area infants,the first bite of food after they were born is not the breast milk,but the formula milk for urban (43.8%) and sweet water for rural (49%).5)It is very common that add the complementary food earlier than 4 months,both in urban and rural area. Conclusions The early feeding problems should not be ignored in Kunming city,especially in rural area.Timely,accurate and comprehensive implement nutrition health education must be enforced.