目的 对新疆柯族和汉族的学龄期儿童进行持续注意的比较研究, 探讨两民族儿童注意发展的变化特征。方法 在新疆克州乌恰县小学随机选取7~12岁柯族儿童197名, 在常州市区的一所普通小学选取7~12岁汉族儿童199名。采用持续性操作测试任务(continuous performance test, CPT), 分别记录被试儿童CPT的按键反应时间、漏报和虚报数。结果 1)两民族反应时间比较, 各年龄组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2)两民族漏报数比较9~10岁组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3)两民族虚报数比较9~11岁三组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 柯族和汉族儿童在接受信息和处理事件时的反应速度较为一致, 与民族、地区差异无关。柯族9~11岁儿童存在易冲动和冒险的特点, 可能由于教育背景和环境的不同, 使得他们在实验中采用不同的策略有关。在注意力的培养中, 应加强引导正确的策略训练, 促进他们的学习发展, 从而缩短两地的文化学习的差异。
Abstract
Objective To discuss Xinjiang's Ke and Han nationality school-aged children's characteristics of attention development by comparing their continuous attention. Methods A total of 197 Ke nationality children aged 7 to 12 in Wuqia primary school of Ke Country in Xinjiang, 199 Han nationality children aged 7 to 12 in Changzhou's primary school were randomly selected.Continuous Performance Test (CPT) was used to record children's reaction time, the number of omission and false. Results 1)Reaction time between the two nationalities had no significantly statistical differences among various age groups (P>0.05).2) The number of omission between the two nationalities had significantly statistical differences in 9 and 10 years old groups (P<0.05).3)The number of false between the two nationalities had significantly statistical differences in 9, 10 and 11 years old groups (P<0.05). Conclusions There has nothing to do with national and regional differences in receiving information and handling events' reactional velocity while Ke and Han nationalities' children are more uniform.The children of 9, 10 and 11 years old in Ke nationality had obvious characteristics about impulsive and adventure.It allows them to adopt different strategies in the experiment probably because of the different education background and environment.In order to shorten the cultural learning differences between the two places, guiding the right strategy training should be strengthed and promote the development of their learning during cultivating attention.
关键词
新疆柯族 /
汉族 /
学龄期儿童 /
持续注意
Key words
Ke nationality in Xinjiang /
Han nationality /
school-aged children /
attentional cognition /
continuous attention
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Beck LH, Bransome ED Jr, Mirsky AF, et al.A continuous performance test of brain damage[J].Consult Psychol, 1956, 20(5):343-350.
[2] Egeland J, Johansen SN, Ueland T.Differentiating between ADHD sub-types on CCPT measures of sustained attention and vigilance[J].Scand J Psychol, 2009, 50(4):347-354.
[3] Lange RT, Iverson GL, Brickell TA, et al.Clinical utility of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-Ⅱ to detect poor effort in U.S.Military personnel following traumatic brain injury[J].Psychological Assessment, 2013, 25(2):339-352.
[4] Pollak Y, Weiss PL, Rizzo AA, et al.The utility of a continuous performance test embedded in virtual reality in measuring ADHD-related deficits[J].Dev Behav Pediatr, 2009, 30(1):2-6.
[5] 蔡婧, 任艳玲, 王苏弘, 等.学龄期儿童冲突监测认知发展的行为学及事件相关电位研究[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志, 2011, 20(1):22-24.
[6] Rubia K, Halari R, Cubillo A, et al.Methylphenidate normalises activation and functional connectivity deficits in attention and motivation networks in medication-naive children with ADHD during a rewarded continuous performance task[J].Neuropharmacology, 2009, 57(7-8):640-652.
[7] Sagiv SK, Thurston SW, Bellinger DC, et al.Neuropsychological measures of attention and impulse control among 8-year-old children exposedprenatally to organochlorines[J].Environ Health Perspect, 2012, 120(6):904-909.
[8] Mennes M, Zuo XN, Kelly C, et al.Linking inter-individual differences in neural activation and behavior to intrinsic brain dynamics[J].Neuroimage, 2011, 54(4):2950-2959.
[9] 董选, 杜明刚, 杨玉霞, 等.少数民族与汉族正常儿童P300认知电位的比较研究[J].中国优生与遗传杂志, 2001, 9(1):92-93.
[10] Senderecka M, Grabowska A, szewczyk J, et al.Response inhibition of children with ADHD in the stop-signal task:an event-related potential study[J].Psychophysiology, Int J Psychophysiol, 2012, 85(1):93-105.
[11] 王苏弘, 任艳玲, 董选, 等.正常儿童和成人冲突监测及反应抑制能力发展的事件相关电位研究[J].中国行为医学科学, 2007, 16(6):535-537.
[12] Yang MT, Lee WT, Liang JS, et al.Hyperactivity and impulsivity in children with untreated allergic rhinitis:corroborated by rating scale and continuous performance test[J].Pediatr Neonatol, 2014, 55(3):168-174.
PDF(546 KB)
