目的 探讨武汉市中心城区出生缺陷的影响因素, 为出生缺陷干预提供科学依据。方法 采用1∶4配对病例对照研究, 对386例出生缺陷儿的产妇、1 544例正常儿的产妇进行回顾性调查。使用SAS9.2统计软件进行统计分析, 采用描述性统计分析、单因素Logistic回归分析和多因素1∶4匹配条件Logistic回归分析方法 。结果 有统计学意义的因素有产妇孕期接触致畸因素(OR=1.602)、被动吸烟(OR=1.002)、孕期健康状况好(OR=0.943)、孕期坚持运动(OR=0.955)、剖宫产(OR=0.863)和曾分娩活产次数(OR=0.712)。结论 产妇孕期接触致畸因素和被动吸烟是出生缺陷的危险因素, 孕期健康状况好、孕期坚持运动、剖宫产和曾分娩活产次数是出生缺陷的保护因素。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of birth defects in center of Wuhan city, and to provide scientific evidence for the interventions. Methods A 1∶4 matched case-control study was conducted, 386 mothers of birth defects children and 1 544 controls were investigated retrospectively.Data were analyzed for descriptive study, univariate Logistic regression and 1∶4 matched conditional Logistic regression with SAS9.2 statistical software. Results The following factors were found to be significantly related to birth defectsmaternal exposure to teratogenic factors during pregnancy (OR=1.602), passive smoking (OR=1.002), good state of health during pregnancy (OR=0.943), adhere to exercise during pregnancy (OR=0.952), cesarean section(OR=0.853) and once the number of live births childbirth (OR=0.712). Conclusion Maternal exposure to teratogenic factors during pregnancy and passive smoking are risk factor for birth defects, good state of health during pregnancy, adhere to exercise during pregnancy, cesarean section and the number of live births are protective factors for birth defects.