目的 探讨儿童功能性构音障碍21词首辅音的错误特征, 以了解词首辅音的发育特征, 为临床矫治提供参考依据。方法 对71例4岁以上功能性构音障碍儿童, 采用图片命名法对21个词首辅音进行评估, 并分析其发音特征。结果 1)4~6岁儿童难发的辅音依次为/ch/、/sh/、/k/、/zh/、/z/、/g/、/r/、/c/、/s/、/t/、/x/、/h/、/f/、/q/、/p/、/n/、/l/、/d/、/j/、/b/、/m/。舌尖后音(zh、ch、sh)的错误率最高, 双唇m的错误率最低;2)辅音错误方式以替代为主, 省略次之, 歪曲极少, 而未见添加现象;3)从发音部位和方式来看, 错误方式以舌尖前音化、舌根音化、塞音化、擦音化和不送气化最为常见。结论 功能性构音障碍儿童词首辅音错误以替代为主, 错误方式以舌尖前音化、舌根音化等方式为主, 且舌后音的难度大于舌前音, 而送气音的难度大于非送气音。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of 21 syllable-initial consonants errors in the children of functional articulation disorders(FAD), and provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods Specific test was carried in 71 children with FAD.The phonological samples were collected and analyzed. Results 1)Consonant sequence according to the error frequency by descending order was/ch/、/sh/、/k/、/zh/、/z/、/g/、/r/、/c/、/s/、/t/、/x/、/h/、/f/、/q/、/p/、/n/、/l/、/d/、/j/、/b/、/m/.2)Substitution was the main error types of 21 syllable-initial consonants, omission and distortion followed.3)Classified by place and manner of articulation, the main error type wereblade-alveolar, velars et al. Conclusions Substitution is the most mainly articulation errors in FAD children.It is much difficult to pronounce the blade-palatal, nasal, velars, blade-alveolars.It is much difficult to pronounce aspirated and plosive.