目的 了解海南省琼中县中小学学生血清维生素A水平,为该县相应人群维生素A缺乏的防治提供实验依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法,抽取琼中县2所小学和2所初中学校,每个学校各年级一个班的学生为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法检测其血清视黄醇含量。结果 1)共检测561例,琼中县中小学学生血清视黄醇平均水平为(360.36±91.39)ng/mL,且血清视黄醇平均水平在男、女生间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但其随年龄的增长而升高(P＜0.05)。2)维生素A缺乏率(≤200 ng/mL)为2.0%,边缘缺乏率(200～300 ng/mL)为22.3%,两者性别差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但边缘缺乏率随着年龄的增长总体呈下降趋势(P＜0.05)。结论 琼中县中小学学生维生素A缺乏率较低,但边缘缺乏率较高,应注意监测,且该地区维生素A缺乏重点防治对象为6~7岁的学生。

Objective To assess the vitamin A status in the primary and secondary school students in Qiongzhong county,Hainan,China,and to provide bases for the prevention of adolescents' vitamin A deficiency. Methods Students were sampled using stratified cluster sampling methods.Two primary schools and two secondary schools were randomly selected and then one class was chosen from each grade.Serum retinol concentrations were measured using a high performance liquid chromatography method. Results A total of 561 students were investigated,the mean serum retinol concentration was (360.36±91.39)ng/mL,and no significant difference between the boys and the girls was found(P>0.05),yet the serum retinol concentration got higher as the age growing(P＜0.05).Only 2.0% of investigated students had vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol ≤200 ng/mL),but 22.3% of them had vitamin A marginal deficiency (200～300 ng/mL),and both of them were not different in genders(P＞0.05),yet the vitamin A marginal deficiency rate decreased with the age increasing (P<0.05). Conclusions Primary and secondary school students in Qiongzhong county have a relatively low vitamin A deficiency rate,yet a remarkably high rate of vitamin A marginal deficiency,surveillance should be done continuously as well as prevention and control measures,especially among students aged 6 to 7 years old.