目的 了解广东省贫困地区留守儿童心理健康状况及其影响因素,旨在发现经济发达省份贫困地区留守儿童的心理问题及探讨其解决措施。方法 本研究为横断面描述性研究。采用整群抽样法抽取广东省某贫困县268名10～17岁儿童青少年,并使用长处与困难问卷(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires,SDQ) 学生版评定心理健康状况。结果 留守儿童情绪问题检出率为10.1%,品行问题检出率16.5%,多动注意不能检出率11.4%,同伴交往问题检出率12.7%,亲社会行为检出率12.7%,均高于非留守儿童,其中品行问题、多动注意不能、亲社会行为的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,男生、13～15岁组、寄宿、父母不经常回家、不经常与父母联系、不经常进行体育锻炼等是情绪行为问题的危险因素。结论 广东省贫困地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注。

Objective To identify the status of mental health among left-behind children and related factors in underdeveloped areas of Guangdong province. Methods In this descriptive study,a total of 268 children aged 10~17 years old in the areas were selected by cluster sampling.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (the edition for students,SDQ) was used to measure status of mental health of children. Results 10% of left-behind children experienced emotional symptoms,16.5% had conduct problems,11.4% exhibited hyperactivity/inattention,12.7% had peer relationship problems and 12.7% had prosocial behaviors.The prevalence of conduct problems,hyperactivity/inattention and prosocial behaviors among left-behind children were significantly higher than those among non-left-behind children (P<0.05).Results from multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that parents not coming back to visit their children often (OR=6.18,95%CI:1.19~32.20) and children studying in boarding schools (OR=5.56,95%CI:1.13~27.40) might predicted higher prevalence of emotional problems.Male (OR=5.03,95%CI:1.38~18.39),boarding (OR=6.33,95%CI:1.20~33.56) and not contacting with parents often (OR=3.67,95%CI:1.08~12.42) were risk factors to hyperactivity/inattention.Children left behind less than 4 years (OR=3.90,95%CI:1.40~10.82) had higher prevalence of peer relationship problems.Children aged between 13~15 years old (OR=18.94,95%CI:2.11~170.16) and not used to pouring out (OR=9.82,95%CI:2.14~45.17),doing less sport (OR=10.25,95%CI:2.08~50.44) and contacting with their parents less frequently (OR=5.79,5%CI:1.20~27.83) predicted higher prevalence of prosocial behavior. Conclusion The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems is high among left-behind children living the underdeveloped areas of Guangdong Province.