目的 探索独生子女家庭儿童忽视的发生率及其影响因素,为儿童忽视的预防和干预提供依据。方法 苏州市4所小学2 044名7～10岁儿童纳入本研究,儿童忽视亚型通过“中国城市3～6岁儿童忽视问卷”进行评估。儿童、父母和家庭特征通过问卷进行调查,应用Logistic回归模型分析儿童忽视的其影响因素。结果 安全忽视的发生率最高(20.25%),其次是为情感忽视(15.22%),身体忽视(11.11%)和医疗忽视(7.68%),而教育忽视则是发生率最少的亚型(5.97%)。根据调整OR值结果,儿童性别与身体忽视相关(OR=0.71,P<0.05);而儿童健康问题(OR=1.43) 、认知缺陷(OR=1.96)以及父母文化程度(OR分别为0.70,0.71)与儿童情感忽视存在关联(P均<0.05);儿童健康问题(OR=1.68)、母亲年龄(OR=7.33)、在职情况(OR=1.94) 和受教育情况(OR=0.49)与教育忽视相关(P均<0.05);母亲自身健康问题与安全忽视相关(OR=1.57);而母亲学历(OR=0.44)和家庭收入(OR=1.55)可能对医疗忽视存在影响(P均<0.05)。结论 儿童忽视在国内东部城市地区独生子女家庭中发生率仍较高,其影响因素与欧美国家的研究结果存在差异,提示在国内较为发达的城市地区亟待进行儿童忽视的预防和干预。
Abstract
Objective To estimate the prevalence of child neglect in one-child families in China and examine its risk factors so as to provide the basis for its prevention and intervention. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 2 044 children aged 7~10 years and their parents recruited from 4 primary schools of Suzhou City,China.Neglect and its subtypes were investigated by Evaluation Questionnaire of Child Neglect of Urban Children Aged 3～6 Years in China this validated indigenous measurement scale reported by parents.Child,parental and family characteristics were obtained by questionnaires and review of social security records.Logistic regression analises were performed to estimate the association between risk factors and types of child neglect while controlling for covariates. Results Supervision neglect was the most prevalent type of neglect (20.3%),followed by emotional (15.2%),physical (11.1%),medical (7.7%),general (6.1%) and educational neglect (6.0%).The adjusted odds ratio showed that children's gender were associated with physical neglect(OR=0.71,P<0.05).Children's physical health status(OR=1.43),cognitive impairment (OR=1.96)and parental education(OR=0.70,0.71) were associated with emotional neglect (all P <0.05).Children's physical health status(OR=1.68),maternal age (OR=7.33),employment(OR=1.94) and education(OR=0.49)were associated with educational neglect (all P<0.05).Mother's health problem were associated with supervision neglect (OR=1.57).Maternal education(OR=0.44) and family income (OR=1.55)were associated with medical neglect (all P<0.05). Conclusions Child neglects are prevalent in one-child families from eastern Unban China.The risk factors appeared to be different from those found in some western societies.This indicates the prevention and intervention of child neglect in well-developed unban in China is very urgent.
关键词
儿童忽视 /
影响因素 /
独生子女家庭
Key words
child neglect /
influencing factors /
one-child families
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 潘建平,古桂雄.儿童虐待与忽视[M]// 古桂雄,戴耀华.儿童保健学.北京:清华大学出版社,2011:230-234.
[2] Straus MA,Savage SA.Neglectful behavior by parents in the life history of university students in 17 countries and its relation to violence against dating partners[J].Child Maltreat,2005,10(2):124-135.
[3] 潘建平,杨子尼,任旭红,等.中国3～6岁城区儿童忽视常模的研制[J].中国公共卫生杂志,2003,19(1):33-36.
[4] 潘建平,王飞,李敏,等.中国城市6～11岁小学生忽视评价常模的研制[J].中华预防医学杂志,2013,47(2):129-134.
[5] 潘建平,李敏,陈晶琦,等.中国城市12～17岁岁中学生忽视评价常模的研制[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(2):156-159.
[6] 古桂雄,朱庆庆,花静,等.苏州市城区2299名7～10岁儿童的忽视状况调查[J].疾病控制杂志,2007,11(3):296-298.
[7] Sedlak AJ,Mettenburg J,Basena M,et al.Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect.Report to Congress[R].Washington,DC:2010,Administration for Children and Families,U.S.Department of Health and Human Services.
[8] Gerra G,Leonardi C,Cortese E,et al.Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol plasma levels directly correlate with childhood neglect and depression measures in addicted patients[J].Addiction Biology,2008,13(1):95-104.
[9] Stith S,Liu T,Davies L,et al.Risk factors in child maltreatment:A meta-analytic review of the literature[J].Aggression and Violent Behavior,2009,14(1):13-29.
[10] Carter V,Myers MR.Exploring the risks of substantiated physical neglect related to povertyand parental characteristics:A national sample[J].Children and Youth Services Review,2007,29(5):110-121.
基金
国家自然科学青年基金(81402187);上海市科学技术委员会引导类课题(14411970900);浦东新区卫生和技术委员会联合攻关项目(PW2013D-9)
PDF(529 KB)
