目的 研究临朐县0~14岁儿童哮喘的危险因素以及患病率,为本病的治疗及预防提供有力依据。方法 利用整群随机抽样的方法,在临朐县幼儿园、学校、防疫站抽取10 000名0~14岁儿童进行哮喘流行病学调查。结果 总共调查0~14岁儿童10 000人,收到9 765份有效问卷,有效率为97.65%。哮喘儿童152例,患病率为1.56%;患病率最高的是学龄前期的儿童,男童患病率高于女童,男女比例为1.50∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.648,P<0.05)。家族过敏或哮喘史、过敏性鼻炎史、皮肤过敏史、食物过敏史、个人药物过敏史、早产、超体重、使用抗生素可能为哮喘发病的危险因素。结论 2012年临朐县0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率较10年前全国哮喘患病率有所升高,儿童哮喘患病率最高的年龄段是学龄前期。儿童哮喘的发病与多种因素相关。

Objective To investigate prevalence and risk factors of asthma children aged 0~14 years old in Linqu county,and provide a reliable basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Method By using cluster random sampling method,antiepidemic stations,schools,kindergartens were selected for asthma epidemiology survey of 10 000 children aged 0~14 years old in Linqu county. Results A survey of 10 000 children aged 0~14,received 9 765 valid questionnaires,effective rate is 97.65%.152 children with asthma,the prevalence rate was 1.56%;The highest prevalence was preschool children with asthma.Male children prevalence was higher than the female,male and female ratio was 1.50∶1,the difference was significant (χ²=5.648,P<0.05).Family history of allergies or asthma,allergic rhinitis,allergic history,the history of food allergy history,personal history of drug allergy,premature birth,excess weight,use of antibiotics were the risk factor of asthma. Conclusions The prevalence rate of asthma of children aged 0~14 years od in Linqu county in 2012 is increased,compared the national prevalence 10 years ago.The highest prevalence is preschool children with asthma.The incidence of asthma in children is associated with a variety of factors.