目的 了解3~12岁儿童体成分构成现状,探索不同体成分对骨龄发育的影响。方法 选取2012年4月1日-2013年12月31日在武汉市妇女儿童保健中心儿保科进行体格测量、人体成分分析、骨龄评价的1 351例3~12岁儿童作为研究对象,进行现况研究。结果 1 351例儿童中,男童748例,女童603例,性别比例为1.24∶1。矮身材、低体重、超重和肥胖比例分别为17.25%,12.95%、11.18%和7.62%。不同年龄组儿童的骨龄均低于实际年龄,骨龄落后比例为4.66%,偏落后的比例为18.65%;体成分含量不足主要体现在骨骼肌(44.19%)、骨矿物质(37.38%)和无机盐(37.16%),含量过量主要体现在脂肪 (23.24%)。上肢皮下脂肪厚度、身体脂肪含量、体重和体质指数等指标是儿童骨龄超前发育的促进因素,下肢皮下脂肪厚度、身体骨骼肌和骨矿物质含量等指标是儿童骨龄超前发育的抑制因素。结论 合理膳食,适当运动,避免体重增加(尤其脂肪含量增加),适当补充维生素和矿物质制剂,可有效延缓儿童骨龄发育,使儿童获得更高的终身高成为可能。

Objective To find the features of children body component aged 3 to 12 years old and to explore the influence of different body component to bone age. Method The cross-sectional study was conducted for the children aged 3 to 12 years old in the outpatient visit of our department and tested by physical exam,body component analysis and bone age evaluation during April 1^st in 2012 and December 31^th 2013. Results A total of 1 351 children between 3 to 12 years old were selected,748 were male,603 were female and their ratio was 1.24∶1.According to the order of the children in growth retardation,low body weight,overweight and obesity,the incidence were 17.25%,12.95%,11.18% and 7.62%.The bone age in different age group was lower than actual age,and bone development retardation incidence was 4.66%,where as partial retardation incidence was 18.65%.The mal-contents ratio of skeletal muscle,bone mineral matter and mineral salt was 44.19%,37.38% and 37.16%,where as over-contents ratio of fat was 23.24%.The independent variable playing positive roles for the advanced bone development were fat thickness of arms,body fat mass,total body weight and BMI.The factors playing negative roles for the advanced bone development were fat thickness of legs,skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral mass. Conclusion Carrying out rational diet,adequate exercise,avoidance of weight gain(especially fat gain),adequate praeparatum supply of vitamin and mineral matter can defer bone development effectively,and it is possible to procure taller ultimum height.