目的 分析家庭环境与家庭功能对儿童哮喘控制水平的影响。方法 采用家庭功能量表(Family Assessment Device,FAD)、家庭环境量表(Family Environment Scale,FES-CV)和儿童哮喘测试控制问卷(Childhood Asthma Control Questionnaire Test,C-ACT)对120例4~11岁的哮喘患儿及其父母进行测量,按C-ACT得分将患儿分为完全控制组(≥23分)29例、部分控制组(20～22分)31例和未控制组(得分≤19分)60例。分析家庭因素对哮喘控制水平的影响。结果 FES中,除成功性外,其他因子三组间均存在差异(P<0.05);未控制组的情感表达、文化性、娱乐性[分别为(4.72±1.32)、(3.63±1.58)、(2.95±1.56)分]均低于部分控制组[分别为(6.1±1.11)、(5.10±1.70)、(5.29±2.10)分]和完全控制组[分别为(6.97±1.12)、(6.55±1.80)、(6.52±1.86)分];而未控制组的矛盾性和控制性较高(P<0.05)。三组在FAD各分量表分上均存在差异(P<0.05)。完全控制组、部分控制组各分量表分均低于未控制组(P<0.05);完全控制组的整体家庭功能水平最高。多元逐步回归显示:FES的情感表达、文化性和控制性及FAD的情感介入和行为控制进入回归方程,对C-ACT得分影响显著。结论 家庭功能与家庭环境对儿童哮喘的控制有重要作用,医护人员应有针对性的帮助家长提高家庭功能和改善家庭环境,从而达到哮喘的有效控制。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of family factors on asthma control in children. Methods Questionnaire surveys were conducted among 120 asthmatic children between 4~11 years old and their parents by using Family Assessment Device (FAD),Family Environment Scale (FES-CV) and Childhood Asthma Control Questionnaire Test (C-ACT).All the children were divided into three groups according to C-ACT scores:completely controlled group (≥23 points) in 29 cases,partly controlled group (20 to 22 points) 31 cases and uncontrolled group (≤19 points) in 60 cases. Results Besides the achievement orientation,the rest of aspects were significantly different among the three groups.The expressiveness,active recreation orientation in the uncontrolled group were significant lower than those in the partly controlled group and the completely controlled group (separately 4.72±1.32 vs 6.1±1.11 vs 6.97±1.12,5.29±2.10 vs 6.52±1.86 vs 6.52±1.86),but the conflict and control in the uncontrolled group were at high level(P<0.05).The family function of the controlled groups was better than the uncontrolled group.Multiple liner regression analyses showed that the factors of expressiveness,recreational orientation and control of FES-CV scale and the affective involvement and the behavior contro1 of the FAD scale were important factors for asthma control. Conclusion The factors of family environment and family function have significant effects on the asthma control.
关键词
哮喘 /
儿童 /
家庭功能 /
家庭环境量表 /
控制
Key words
asthma /
children /
family function /
Family Environment Scale /
control
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