目的 了解我国县区级妇幼保健机构儿童保健服务开展及门诊设置情况, 为规范化建设妇幼保健机构儿童保健门诊提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样对2012年我国县区级妇幼保健机构儿童保健门诊现状进行横断面调查, 以及差异和影响因素分析。结果 调查的232所县区级妇幼保健机构各儿童保健门诊设置率仅50%左右。县级和区级机构间门诊设置率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 东、中、西部地区仅听力保健门诊设置率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。机构业务用房面积、儿保门诊用房面积和儿保门诊人数与儿保门诊设置数量有关。结论 我国县区级妇幼保健机构儿童保健服务开展情况不容乐观, 门诊设置率低, 不同地区机构间门诊设置存在差异, 应加强业务用房面积和人员投入。

Objective To understand the situation of child health services and clinics in county-level maternal and child health (MCH) institutions and provide scientific basis to standardize such clinical services. Methods Multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to investigate the situation of child health clinics of county-level MCH institutions in 2012.The differences and influencing factors of such clinical services among different regions and levels were analyzed. Results The results showed that the rates of setting child health clinics were about 50% in 232 county-level MCH institutions.Not statistically significant difference was observed of the rates of setting outpatients in MCH institutions between county level and district level (P>0.05).The differences of the rate of setting hearing care clinic among eastern, central and western regions were statistically significant (P<0.05).The number of child health clinics was related with the number of staff members and housing area of institutions and child health clinics. Conclusions The situation of child health clinical services at county-level MCH institutions in China is not optimistic for a low setting rate of child health clinic and existing regional differences at various degrees.Thus, it is important to increase the investment on the number of staff and child care clinic facilities.