目的 了解山东省农村3~6岁儿童情绪和行为问题现状以及影响因素, 为开展有效的儿童心理教育和干预提供科学依据。方法 整群随机抽取8个幼儿园735名儿童, 采用中文版长处和困难问卷(Children Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ)和自行设计的家庭基本情况问卷。结果 3～6岁儿童情绪和行为异常检出率为34.15%。男童的品行问题、同伴问题、困难总分的得分均高于女童, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05), 亲社会行为得分低于女童(P＜0.01)。由双亲看护的农村儿童的品行问题、多动注意不能、困难总分得分均低于由非双亲看护的农村儿童(P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示, 独生子女、过去一年活动受限都是影响儿童心理健康状况的显著因素。结论 山东省农村3～6岁儿童的情绪和行为问题检出率较高, 应该引起高度重视并开展有效的心理干预。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the status and influence factors for prevention strategies and suitable measures of the emotional and behavioral problems among 3～6 years old children in rural areas of Shandong province. Methods A total of 735 children were recruited as the subjects with random cluster sampling method from 8 kindergartens.Data were collected with questionnaires including the Children Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (edition for parents, SDQ), and a self-designed Families' Condition Questionnaire. Results The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was 34.15%.The SDQ scores of male children on morality problems, peer intercourse problems, difficult problems were higher than female children's (P＜0.05), and the SDQ scores of male children on social behavior were lower than female children's (P＜0.01).The children nursing by parents significantly got lower scores on morality problem, hyperactivity and difficult problems than those not (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analyses showed that an only child and activity limitation within one year were influencing factors. Conclusion The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems are common, more attention should be paid and efficient intervention should be considered.
关键词
学龄前儿童 /
情绪 /
行为 /
影响因素
Key words
preschool children /
emotional /
behavioral /
influencing factor
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