目的 了解城市流动儿童的心理健康状况及其与人格特征、父母教养方式的关系。方法 采用儿童孤独量表、儿童社交焦虑量表、核心自我评价量表和父母教养方式问卷, 以贵阳、昆明两地336名小学五、六年级和初中一年级的流动儿童为对象进行调查研究。结果 流动儿童孤独感的得分为2.06±0.67, 社交焦虑得分为6.90±3.84, 害怕否定评价分量表得分为4.55±2.70, 社会回避苦恼分量表为2.37±1.87, 核心自我评价得分为3.42±0.69。流动儿童孤独感和社交焦虑与核心自我评价均具有显著负相关(P<0.01);孤独感与父亲和母亲情感温暖呈显著负相关(P<0.01), 与父亲偏爱呈显著负相关(P<0.05), 与父亲和母亲拒绝否认和惩罚严厉呈显著正相关(P<0.01);社交焦虑与父亲和母亲惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、过分干涉和过度保护呈显著正相关(P<0.01), 与父亲情感温暖呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。结论 培养流动儿童的积极人格特征和改善父母的教养方式是提高城市流动儿童心理健康水平的重要途径。

Objective To understand the mental health status of migrant children in the city and its relationship with personality characteristics and parenting style. Methods A total of 336 migrant children from primary school in fifth and sixth grade, and middle school in grade one in Guiyang and Kunming were investigated with the Children's Loneliness Scale (CLS), Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC), Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) and Parenting Rearing Style Questionnaire (EMBU). Results The CLS score of city migrant children was 2.06±0.67, SASC score was 6.90±3.84, fear of negative evaluation dimensions score was 4.55±2.70, social avoidance distress dimension was 2.37±1.87, CSES score was 3.42±0.69.City migrant children's loneliness, social anxiety and core self-evaluations had significantly negative correlations(P<0.01);Loneliness and emotional warmth of father and mother had significantly negative correlation (P<0.01), it had significantly negative correlation with preference of father (P<0.05), and significantly positive correlation with the father and mother refused to deny and severe punishment (P<0.01).Social anxiety and father and mother severe punishment, refused to deny, excessive interference and excessive protection had significantly positive correlations (P<0.01), and father emotional warmth had significantly negative correlation (P<0.01). Conclusion To develop children personality traits and ameliorate parental rearing style are important ways to improve the mental health level of the city migrant children.