目的 了解济南市托幼机构儿童的患病现状,为预防儿童常见病,指导集体儿童的卫生保健工作提供理论依据。方法 对2012年济南市1 203所托幼机构的儿童健康体检资料进行分析。结果 共检查了3~6岁的儿童139 176人,检出病例58 547例,常见病约10种。其中龋齿检出率最高,为24.15% ,其次为视力不良、肥胖、贫血等。城市幼儿园儿童龋齿、肥胖、视力不良、水痘检出率高于农村(P<0.01),而农村幼儿园儿童贫血、营养不良患病率较高(P<0.01)。公办幼儿园肥胖、龋齿、视力不良、手足口病检出率高于民办幼儿园(P<0.01),意外伤害发生率公办高于民办(P<0.05),而民办幼儿园儿童贫血患病率较高(P<0.01)。实验示范园儿童龋齿、肥胖、视力不良患病率高于其他类别幼儿园,而二类以下的幼儿园贫血、营养不良患病率最高(P<0.01)。结论 龋齿、肥胖、视力不良、贫血、营养不良等慢性疾病是危害济南市托幼机构儿童健康的主要疾病。应作为集体儿童保健工作的重点。

Objective To know the children disease status of child-care institutions in Jinan city,and provide theoretical basis for prevention of children common diseases and guiding of children's health care work. Method The children's health examination data of 1 203 child-care institutions in Jinan city were analyzed. Results 139 176 children from 3 to 6 years old were examined,and 58 547 cases were checkd out and about 10 types were common diseases.The rate of dental caries detection was highest,account for 24.15% of the number of physical examination,and followed by poor vision,obesity and anemia,and so on.The detection rates of children dental caries,obesity,poor vision and chickenpox in the city were higher than the countryside,and there were significant differences (P<0.01),and the prevalence rates of anemia and malnutrition in the countryside were higher (P<0.01).The detection rates of obesity,dental caries,poor vision and hand-foot and mouth disease in the public kindergarten were higher than the private kindergarten,and there were significant differences (P<0.01),the incidence rate of accident harm in the public kindergarten was higher than the private kindergarten (P<0.05),and the prevalence rate of anemia in the private kindergarten was higher (P<0.01).The prevalence rates of dental caries,obesity and poor vision in the experimental demonstration garden were higher than other categories kindergarten,and the prevalence rates of anemia and malnutrition in the second class the following garden were highest,and there were significant differences (P<0.01). Conclusion Dental caries,obesity,poor vision,anemia and malnutrition and other chronic diseases were main diseases hazarding children health of child-care institutions in Jinan city.