目的 了解北京市某社区产妇4个月内纯母乳喂养情况,评价干预措施提高纯母乳喂养率的效果。方法 在2012年10月29日-2013年1月4日,采用随机对照试验法,将研究对象随机分为干预组与对照组。自孕晚期至产后4个月内对干预组以手册及短信方式进行宣传教育,对照组未接受任何干预。评价研究对象在产后不同时期的纯母乳喂养情况及相关知识掌握情况。结果 产后4个月时两组知识得分较前均有提高,其中干预组提高35.41%,对照组提高32.00%,干预后两组知识得分差异有统计学意义(t=3.95,P＜0.001)。干预组产后2个月纯母乳喂养率为54.7%,较对照组高出10.9%;干预组产后4个月纯母乳喂养率为57.1%,较对照组高出12.7%。结论 干预措施对提高4个月内纯母乳喂养率有一定效果,可为今后在城市社区开展大范围纯母乳喂养干预提供参考。

Objective To obtain the status of exclusive breastfeeding under 4 months of puerperal women in community in Beijing,evaluate the effect of follow-up intervention on increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods A randomized controlled trial was used to select 155 pregnant women,who were divided into intervention group and control group.Brochures and phone messages were provided to the intervention group from late pregnancy to 4 months after delivery as a method of intervention,whereas the control group received nothing in intervention.The status of exclusive breast-feeding and the knowledge about it were evaluated at different times after delivery. Results After the intervention,the average scores of the exclusive breastfeeding knowledge of the intervention group and the control group were increased by 35.41% and 32.00% respectively,there was significant difference between the scores of two groups(t=3.95,P＜0.001).The exclusive breastfeeding rate in intervention group was 54.7% at two months after delivery,10.9% higher than that of the control group.The exclusive breastfeeding rate in intervention group was 57.1% at four months after delivery,12.7% higher than that of the control group. Conclusion Intervention measures can increase the exclusive breastfeeding rate under 4 months to a certain degree,which can provide reference for a wide range of intervention on exclusive breastfeeding in urban communities henceforth.