目的 了解14岁以下农村儿童非致死性意外伤害的流行特征及其影响因素, 为当地儿童意外伤害的预防干预提供理论依据。方法 采用整群分层抽样方法抽取菏泽市东明县乡镇4所中小学及2所幼儿园的儿童475名为调查对象进行自拟问卷调查, 数据经SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果 调查的475名农村儿童意外伤害发生率为40%。碰撞(20.53%)、跌落(18.95%)、中毒(13.68%)为农村儿童意外伤害类型的前三位。农村儿童意外伤害的发生地点主要在家中(25.3%)和休闲活动场所(23.7%), 发生部位以上肢和头面部为主, 农村儿童意外伤害发生的严重程度中致残占3.1%。性别、(父)母亲文化程度、儿童性格以及是否留守儿童是农村儿童发生意外伤害的危险因素。伤害组家长的意外伤害认知低于非伤害组, 差异有统计学意义(t=-9.952, P<0.05)。结论 菏泽市农村儿童意外伤害发生率较高, 伤害类型以跌落、碰撞为主;影响儿童意外伤害的因素以家长的文化程度及对伤害的认知最为明显。

Objective To assess the epidemiologic characteristic of childhood nonfatal unintentional injuries aged 3~14 in rural area and explore related factors and provide guide for injury prevention and intervention. Methods A total of 475 children of 4 middle schools and 2 kindergartens in Dongming township were enrolled into this study by using a stratified cluster sampling method in Heze city.Parents of the children were surveyed with a questionnaire.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results The incidence rate of unintentional injuries was 11.45%.The first three types of accidental injuries were collisions (20.53%), falls (18.95%) and poisoning (13.68%)accident for rural children aged 3~14.The places where injuries occurred were mainly at home(25.3%) and leisure activities(23.7%).The main body parts of injuries were arms and face (77.8%), disability account for 3.1% in the severity of the accident.Gender, parents' cultural degree, children personality and left-behind children were the risk factors for rural children accidental injury.The cognitive degree of parents in accident group were significantly lower than non-damaging group(P<0.05). Conclusions Rural children's accidental injury incidence is higher in Heze city.Fall and collision is the main damage types.The parents' knowledge about injury and cultural degree is the most obvious factors for rural children unintentional injury.