Table of Content

10 May 2015, Volume 23 Issue 5

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Research of age development level and BMI in Children with ADHD.

WANG He-ru, ZHANG Yue, GAO Hai-tao, SONG Wen-hong, ZHANG Li-li, JIN Chun-hua.

2015, 23(5):  454-456.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-03

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Objective To study attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children's bone age developmental level and body mass index and provide the basis of effective ADHD treatment and preventive measures. Methods From mental health department, 53 cases of 6~11 year-old patient newly diagnosed ADHD were selected as the observation group, in compliance with U.S.Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-Ⅳ) diagnostic criteria.53 cases of healthy children with same bone age and actual age were chosen as the control group.Digital photography meter was used to shoot wrist bone X-ray, with a unified standard height and weight measurements, bone age standard evaluation method by CHN was used to judge wrist bone age film. Results Mean of difference between height age and actual age was significantly different (P<0.001) between observation group(0.8±1.1) and control group(-0.1±0.6);Mean of difference between bone age and actual age was significantly different (P<0.001) between observation group(1.1±1.0) and control group(1.0±0.4);Mean of difference between forecast lifetime height and genetic height was not different (P>0.05) between observation group(1.5±5.8)and control group(-0.1±22.1).Mean of body mass index (BMI) in two groups(observatina group 18.1±3.5, control group 16.2±2.3) had differences (P<0.05). Conclusion For children with ADHD, bone age developmental level is earlier and BMI is higher than healthy children.Yet, it does not affect final height during adulthood.

Typical clinical manifestations and genetic examination of incontinentia pigmenti in neonatal period.

ZHANG Hui-fang, ZHANG Xiu-fang, YU Shu-qun, MA Ying, ZHANG Hong-ai.

2015, 23(5):  457-159.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-04

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of newborns incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and the nuclear factor Kappa-B essential modulator (NEMO) gene mutations, by retrospective analysis of 13 cases of IP typical clinical manifestations in the neonatal period. Method From January 2005 to August 2014 in Xi'an Children's Hospital, clinical characteristics of 13 cases of newborn infants with IP and four cases with NEMO gene mutation were analyzed. Results There were only one male children within 13 cases.A typical rash was found or developed soon after birth, mainly as erythema, blisters and in-like pigmentation.The eosinophil count in peripheral blood was significantly increased in six cases.Skin biopsy of 6 patients demonstrated dermal eosinophilic infiltrates with spongiosis and some apoptotic (dyskeratotic) cells characteristic of IP.Three patients with epilepsy, included two cases associated with retinal vascular abnormalities and occlusion.4 cases of female patients confirmed with NEMO gene mutational. Conclusions IP is an X-linked dominant condition primarily affecting ectodermal tissue, mostly female patients, male patient is rare.Genetic analysis revealed that a deletion of exon 4-10 in NEMO gene is associate with IP.

Study of cerebral regional oxygen saturation monitoring on valuing brain function of infants with brain damage syndrome.

JIANG Tao-tao, GAO Yan, LUO Xiao-xing, HONG Qi.

2015, 23(5):  460-461.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-05

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Objective To study cerebral regional oxygen saturation monitoring on valuing brain function of infants with brain damage syndrome (BDS). Methods A total of 30 infants with BDS were divided into 2 month age group, 3 month age group and 4 month age group, 24 normal infants were adopted as contrast according to age.Using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the changes of cerebral regional oxygen saturation were inspected before and after auditory stimulating in all infants.Using Children's Developmental Center of China(CDCC) scale, the development of neuropsychological was valuated in infants with BDS.Using group t-test, the changes of cerebral regional oxygen saturation were compared between groups and the correlation were compared between the changes of cerebral regional oxygen saturation and mental development index (MDI) using correlation analysis. Results The changes of cerebral regional oxygen saturatio were all lower in BDS group than that in control group, and the changes of cerebral regional oxygen saturatio of normal infants were all higher in 4-month-age group than those in 3-month-age group and 2-month-age group.There were obvious correlations between the changes of cerebral regional oxygen saturatio and MDI of infants. Conclusion Monitoring the changes of cerebral regional oxygen saturation may value brain function of infants with brain damage syndrome.

Short- term effficacy of digital augmentative and alternative communication for children with autism.

YANG Si-yuan, MENG Ling-bo, MAI Jian-ning.

2015, 23(5):  462-464.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-06

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Objective To explore the short-term efficacy of Digital Augmentative and Alternative Communication(DAAC) for children with autism. Methods A total of 21 autistic children with low speech funtion were randomly assigned to DAAC group, Picture Exchanged Communication System(PECS)group and control group.Then the short-term efficacy was compared under different intervention. Results Comprared with control group, PECS group and DAAC group enhanced desire for communication and social skill, decreased abnormal behavior, but no difference was found between DAAC group and PECS group.DAAC was easily learned and used at home relative to PECS. Conclusion DAAC is a kind of the assistive equipment which is easily learned and effective.

Study on 4-year follow-up of the students' social anxiety detection rates about 694 students in Harbin.

SU Shu-ge, REN Xiao-fei, CHEN Fu-li, LI Hong-jie, WANG Yi-jun.

2015, 23(5):  465-467.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-07

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Objective To explore the characteristics of students' social anxiety conditions change through the follow-up study, and to provide the basis data for students' mental health intervention. Methods A total of 694 students and their parents were conducted for four years.Students completed the general condition chart and Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC);Parents completed the general condition chart, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Inventory, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Results 1) The detection rates of 2009, 2011, 2013 of the students' social anxiety were 23.5%, 22.5% and 28.1%, respectively.There were significant differences among them (P<0.05).The social anxiety detection rates had significant differences in 2011 and 2013 (P=0.016).2) In 2011, there were 40.49% students who still had social anxiety in these that had social anxiety in 2009; In 2013, there were 22.70%.There were 49.36% students who had social anxiety in 2011 still investigating social anxiety in 2013.3) The social anxiety detection rates of grade 3 and grade 5 was different (P<0.05) in 2009;In 2011, the detection rates of social anxiety of grade 5 and 6 students was different (P<0.05).4) Pupils' detection rate of social anxiety was affected by only-child and parents quarrel; Junior high school students' detection rate of social anxiety was affected by gender.5) Parents depression had an influence on the students' detection rates of social anxiety in 2011.Parents' anxiety only affected girls' detection rates of social anxiety in 2011 and 2013. Conclusion The social anxiety detection rate of the higher grade students of the junior high school is higher than before;And parental anxiety or depression has a certain influence on students' social anxiety detection rate.

Serum tPA and PAI-1 levels in autism children.

PENG Zhi-qing, ZHANG Lun, SUN Cai-hong, XIA Wei, WU Kun.

2015, 23(5):  468-471.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-08

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Objective To evaluate the serum tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) levels of children with autism and evaluate the relationship between tPA and PAI-1 levels of autism. Methods According to "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ)" and "The Children Autism Rating Scale (CARS)", 40 children were diagnosed as autistic cases and graded for the illness severity.40 healthy children were enrolled as control.Levels of cytokines in serum were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent.With a SPSS 20.0 statistical software, t test and ANOVA were used to analyse the statistical significant. Results Serum tPA level of the children with autism was lower than that of control (P<0.05).Serum PAI-1 level of the children with autism were significantly higher than that of the control children (P<0.05).According to the graded for the illness classification, the serum tPA level in the mild autism children had a decreased trend when compared with the children in the control group (P>0.05), the difference was not significant.The tPA level in the severe autism children was significantly lower than that in control children (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in mild and severe autism children (P>0.05).Both of the PAI-1 levels of the mild and the severe autism children were significantly higher than that in control (P<0.05).There also was not statistically differences between the mild and severe autism children for the PAI-1 levels (P>0.05).The tPA and PAI-1 had no significant difference between male and female in both control and autism group (P>0.05). Conclusion The serum tPA level in children with autism is significantly lower than that in control, but serum PAI-1 of the levels is significantly higher than that in control, both may play an important role in the pathogenesis of autism.

Clinical characteristics of 21 syllable-initial consonants errors in children with functional articulation disorders.

XU Ya-qin, LIANG Yi, HU Xiao-sha, CHI Xia, GUO Xi-rong, TONG Mei-ling.

2015, 23(5):  472-474.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-09

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of 21 syllable-initial consonants errors in the children of functional articulation disorders(FAD), and provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods Specific test was carried in 71 children with FAD.The phonological samples were collected and analyzed. Results 1)Consonant sequence according to the error frequency by descending order was/ch/、/sh/、/k/、/zh/、/z/、/g/、/r/、/c/、/s/、/t/、/x/、/h/、/f/、/q/、/p/、/n/、/l/、/d/、/j/、/b/、/m/.2)Substitution was the main error types of 21 syllable-initial consonants, omission and distortion followed.3)Classified by place and manner of articulation, the main error type wereblade-alveolar, velars et al. Conclusions Substitution is the most mainly articulation errors in FAD children.It is much difficult to pronounce the blade-palatal, nasal, velars, blade-alveolars.It is much difficult to pronounce aspirated and plosive.

Relationship between childhood conduct disabilities and parents' self-differentiation, family cohesion or adaptability.

DU An-zheng.

2015, 23(5):  475-477.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-10

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Objective To understand the relationship between childhood conduct disabilities and parents self differentiation, family cohesion or adaptability. Method A total of 382 pupil's parents were investigated by Differentiation of Self Inventory, Family Cohesion or Adaptability Evaluation Scales and Childhood Conduct Disabilities Scales which was sub-scale of Conner Children's Behavior Scale (parents). Results Childhood conduct disabilities had significant differences among the types of family cohesion(F=8.19, P<0.01), and among the types of family adaptability(F=5.92, P<0.01).The dimensions of parents self differentiation had negative effects in predicting the childhood conduct disabilities(adjR²=0.289, F_{(1, 380)}=155.749, P<0.01). Conclusion The information of childhood conduct disabilities is affected by parents' self-differentiation and family adaptability or cohesion, so they should be considered in intervening the childhood conduct disabilities.

Ability of emotional regulation and its relationship with intelligence, behavioral characteristics of children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.

LI Cai-xia, JIANG Wen-qing, LI Yan, LI Meng-yao, LIU Wen-wen, ZHANG Lin-na, JIANG Ling-xiao, LV Tao, ZHAO Zhi-min, HAO Li-li, ZHOU Hui-ming, CHENG Yong-chen, FAN Juan, DU Ya-song.

2015, 23(5):  478-481.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-11

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Objective To investigate the ability of emotional regulation and its relationship with intelligence, behavioral characteristics of children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method Using case-control study, the ability of emotional regulation and other clinical features were compared between the ADHD outpatient and typically developmentally children. Results The score of emotional perception ability (t=-4.340), emotion regulation strategies (t=-5.041), emotional self-efficacy (t=-5.528), emotional control ability (t=-5.121) of research group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P=0.000).The emotional evaluation (r=0.413), emotional self-efficacy (r=0.409), emotional reflection ability (r=0.520) were significantly correlated with total intelligence quotient (P<0.05 or <0.01).There were not significant correlations between emotion regulation ability and the behavior characteristics (P>0.05). Conclusion The ability of emotion regulation in children with ADHD is impaired, it may be related to intelligence quotiont level.

Effects of Salvia miltorrhiza bunge on expression of Omi/HtrA2 and neuron apoptosis in brain of neonatal rats after asphyxia.

ZOU Li -le, WANG Qiao-zhi, HAN Yi, LEI Xiao-ping, LIU Guang-yi.

2015, 23(5):  482-485.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-12

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Objective To study the cell apoptosis and expression of Omi/HtrA2 in brain of neonatal rats after asphyxia and to evaluate the effects of Salvia miltorrhiza bunge( SMB ) on it. Methods A total of 75 SD rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into the following groupscontrol group, asphyxia group and SMB treatment group, then the brain tissues were taken from the rats in the three groups at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours and 72 hours after the asphyxia.The apoptotic cells were detected by the TUNEL staining method, The Omi/HtrA2 protein expression was detected with the immunhistochemistry method. Results The number of apoptotic cells and the expression of Omi/HtrA2 were higher in asphyxia groups than those in control group (P<0.05).In asphyxia groups, the expression of Omi/HtrA2 reached peak at 12 h after asphyxia(10.98±1.34), and the number of apoptotic cells reached peak at 24 h after asphyxia (12.1±2.66).But compared with asphyxia group, the expression of Omi/HtrA2 and the number of apoptotic cells were significantly decreased in SMB treatment group, and the differences were significant(P＜0.05), but all parameters were not restored to the levels of control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion Asphyxia can induce the apoptosis of neuronal, Omi/HtrA2 may be involved in this process.SMB can reduce the number of apoptotic cells by inhibiting the expression of Omi/HtrA2 in brain, and thus it can play a protective role in asphyxia brain damage of neonatal rats.

Analysis of proportion and type of metabolic disorders of autistic children.

JIA Mei-xiang, PENG Dan-yuan, Jia Meng.

2015, 23(5):  500-402.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-18

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Objective To explore the proportion and type of metabolic disorders in children with autism. Method Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-Ⅳ) diagnostic criteria, 1 253 autistic children who had been diagnosed by Min Lusi metabolic analysis were chosen as research subjects from 2007 to 2011. Results In the 1 253 cases diagnosed as autistic children from 2007 to 2011, there were 204 cases of metabolic disorders, 16.3% of the total.In the 204 cases, there were 35 kinds of metabolic diseases. Conclusions The relationship between autism and metabolic disorders is positive.The most ten sensitive metabolic disorders aredouble carboxylic acid urine ketone sex, mild ketone double carboxylic acid urine, mild ketonuria urine, high lactose and galactose, mild non-ketogenic dicarboxylic acid in urine, high lysine, high cysteine, high methylmalonic acid and methylmalonic acidemia, high tetrathydroxy phenyllactic acid, high tris hydroxyacid, and tetrahydroxy phenylpyruric acid.For some treatable metabolic disorders, the rehabilitation efficacy may be improved to the children with autism by metabolic diseases treatment at the same time of rehabilitation training.

Case-control study on influencing factors of birth defects.

GONG Rui-long, ZHANG Bin, YANG Shao-ping, ZHAO Jin-zhu, ZHANG Dan, PENG An-na, ZHU Chang-cai.

2015, 23(5):  503-505.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-19

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Objective To investigate the risk factors of birth defects in center of Wuhan city, and to provide scientific evidence for the interventions. Methods A 1∶4 matched case-control study was conducted, 386 mothers of birth defects children and 1 544 controls were investigated retrospectively.Data were analyzed for descriptive study, univariate Logistic regression and 1∶4 matched conditional Logistic regression with SAS9.2 statistical software. Results The following factors were found to be significantly related to birth defectsmaternal exposure to teratogenic factors during pregnancy (OR=1.602), passive smoking (OR=1.002), good state of health during pregnancy (OR=0.943), adhere to exercise during pregnancy (OR=0.952), cesarean section(OR=0.853) and once the number of live births childbirth (OR=0.712). Conclusion Maternal exposure to teratogenic factors during pregnancy and passive smoking are risk factor for birth defects, good state of health during pregnancy, adhere to exercise during pregnancy, cesarean section and the number of live births are protective factors for birth defects.

Association between birth weight and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia:a Meta-analysis.

MA Yu-xiu, NIU Ai-min, JIANG Bao-fa.

2015, 23(5):  506-510.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-20

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Objective To explore the association between birth weight and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods The studies were searched through Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the retrieving deadline was 2014.Search terms included "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "childhood", "birth weight".The information of birth weight was extracted, and the quality of the studies was evaluated.STATA12.0 software package was used to calculate the OR and CI 95%, heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias of the Meta-analysis. Results A total of 16 studies included 16 934 childhood ALL case and 54 733 control were identified.The Results suggested that there was association between birth weight and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia[≥2 500 g vs <2 500 g(OR=1.17, 95%CI=1.07~1.28), ≥3 500 g vs <3 500 g(OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.04~1.22), ≥4 000 g vs <4 000 g(OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.12~1.27), ≥4 500 g vs <4 500 g(OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.09~1.47)]. Conclusion There is association between birth weight and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the high birth weight is the risk factor of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Survey on passive smoking and influence factors among 2 246 primary school students in Shandong Province.

TIAN Huan, TIAN Tian, LI Jun, ZHANG Wei, HU Yu, ZONG Shuang.

2015, 23(5):  511-514.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-21

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Objective To explore the prevalence of passive smoking status of primary school students in Shandong Province and analyse the influence factors to provide the policy suggestion to control the passive smoking of the pupils. Methods The 3~6 grade pupils of Shandong province were surveyed by questionnaire, adopting the method of stratified random cluster sampling.The information included the passive smoking situation of the pupils, the awareness of the tobacco knowledge and the attitude of the tobacco control and other relevant information.About the count data, single factor analysis used χ² test, multi-factor analysis used Logistic regression analysis. Results 26.5% pupils had been exposed to passive smoking environment, different gender, different areas were statistically significant(P<0.01).The overall status of the passive smoking places were arranged in turn for home, public places, transportation.Factors that affect pupils passive smoking mainly included the gender, region, the smoking status of parents, grandparents, peers, their awareness of the dangers of tobacco, tobacco control attitude, the passive smoking knowledge taught by parents. Conclusion To create a smoke-free environment, the following aspects should be focued onreduce the smoking rate of the people around the pupils, strengthen the health education of pupils of tobacco, give full play to the school and parents in the role of control student's passive smoking, strengthen the propaganda and implementation of laws in each department.

Randomized control study of two different parenteral nutrition strategies on liver fuction of very low birth weight infants.

CHEN Jian-ping, CHEN Liu-juan, LAN Qiu-hui, YANG Tong.

2015, 23(5):  515-518.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-22

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Objective To explore the effects of two different parenteral nutrition (PN) treatments (conservative and active) on the liver function of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI). Methods The VLBWIs were randomly divided into low PN (n=75) and high PN groups (n=71) hospitalized from March 2008 to March 2013.The low PN treatment was defined asamino acids and fat emulsion started with a dosage of 0.5~1.0 g/(kg·d), increased 0.5~1.0 g/(kg·d) up to a sufficient amount of 3 g/ (kg·d);glucose infusion rate started from 4 mg/(kg·min), increased 1 mg/(kg·min) per day, up to a maximum of 12 mg/(kg·min).The high PN group was defined asamino acid started from 1.5~2.0 g/(kg·d) then increased 1.0 g/(kg·d) up to a sufficient amount of 3.5~4.0 g/(kg·d), fat emulsion started from 1.0 g/(kg·d) then increased 1.0 g/(kg·d) up to a sufficient amount of 3.0 g/(kg·d) and glucose infusion rate started from 6 mg/(kg·min) then increased 2 mg/(kg·min) per day up to a maximum of 12 mg/(kg·min).The enteral feeding and growth index were recorded.Liver function was measured. Results Compared with high PN group, the PN duration in low PN group lasted longer, the time for calorie of enteral feeding to reach 90 kcal/(kg·d) and the time for birth weight catch-up were longer in low PN group (P<0.05).The primary biochemical markers of 7^th, 14^th and 28^th~42^th day were similar in the two groups (P＞0.05).No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of PN-associated cholestasis(PNAC) between the two groups (P＜0.05).The hospitalization days were similar in the two groups (P＞0.05).The hospitalization fee in the high PN group was less than that in the low PN group (P＜0.05). Conclusion High PN do not affect the liver function or increase the incidence of PNAC in VLBWI.

lnfluence of different nutrition ways to growth and gastrointestinal hormone in premature infants.

GAO Gai-lan, LIU Li, TANG Shu-bin, LI Jie, LI Wei-na, YANG Yan.

2015, 23(5):  519-521.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-23

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Objective To study the effects of different nutrition on preterm children's weight (extrauterine growth retardation, EUGR) and gastrointestinal hormone. Methods Using the Methods of control study clinical, a total of 106 premature children who stay in Baoji Second People's hospital NICU from January 2011 to December 2014, were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group, the observation group received enteral and parenteral nutrition, micro-feeding instead of fasting, tube feeding while taking non-nutritive sucking, the control group received evening feeding, fasting during feeding intolerance, feeding process without non-nutritive sucking.The weight and other growth indicators, the serum motilin and gastrin levels of 2 d, 7~9 d, 13~15 d after birth were monitored. Results 1)The increase time of weight, time reaching full enteral feeding and recovery time of birth weight of observation group were shorter[(7.28±6.25)d to(10.8±5.07)d, (11.16±4.32)d to(18.43±9.72)d, (8.21±3.72)d to (13.84±5.46)d], the days in hospital was shorter(16.82±2.2)d to (19.91±2.3)d, and the rate of extrauterine growth retardation was lower(40.30% to 65.38%), motilin levels of the babies who birth 2 d and 7~9 d were higher[(348.6±177.6)pg/mL to(246.3±95.6)pg/mL, (492.3±235.8)pg/mL to(342.2±141.5)pg/mL], gastrin levels of birth 13~15 d was higher[(75.2±12.9)pg/mL to(58.9±16.5)pg/mL], differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).2) The differences of growth rate, and the gastrin levels of birth 2 d and 7~9 d had no statistically significant (P＞0.05). Conclusion Implementation of enteral and parenteral nutrition can effectively reduce incidence of extrauterine growth retardation.

Investigation on behavioral problems and influencing factors among primary school students in rural areas of Shandong province.

ZHAO Xiao-xia, CHEN Jing-qi, FENG Ya-nan, JIN Yi-chen, LIU Cheng-feng, YU Pu-yi.

2015, 23(5):  522-525.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-24

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Objectives To investigate the incidence of child behavioral problems in primary School in the rural area of Shandong province, to explore the influencing factors, and to provide evidence for the prevention and intervention measures. Methods Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were used to investigate parents who were recruited by accidental sampling method.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was mainly used to investigate child's behavioral problem. Results The prevalence of difficulty problems was 12.0% and the incidence of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, pro-social was 10.7%, 10.6%, 13.6%, 46.5%, 16.0%, respectively.The Results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the experiences of mental maltreatment of the child, the over-reactivity and hostility of parenting skills, and poor academic achievement were positively and parent-to-child interaction action was negatively with difficulty scores;Parent-to-child interaction action was protectively and parents who supported physical punishment was negatively with the scores of prosocial behavior. Conclusions The rural area have higher incidence of child behavioral problems, parents' parenting skills should be improved and the occurrence of child maltreatment should be reduced.More attention should be paid to the students who had poor academic achievement be reduce.

Clinical analysis of maternal and neonatal complications caused by different ways of twins pregnancy.

CAO Juan, MENG Jing.

2015, 23(5):  526-529.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-25

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Objective To investigate the difference of the maternal and neonatal complications between twins in vitro fertilization (IVF) and twins conceived naturally. Methods From January 2010 to December 2013, 110 cases twins IVF babies(IVF group), and 86 cases twins conceived naturally infants (conceived naturally group) were collected, and compared the general situation, delivery situation, the pregnancy complications of two groups mothers and the general situation, complications, treatment of neonatal were compared. Results 1) The mother's age of IVF group was older than conceived naturally group (P<0.001), the former's gestational age was much younger than the latter (P<0.001), and others had no statistical significance (P>0.05).2)In mother's pregnancy complications, this study found eight kinds of complications, thrombophilia and gestational hypertension of IVF group were higher than conceived naturally group (P<0.05), gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) of conceived naturally group was higher than IVF group (P<0.05), the threatened premature labor and the premature rupture of membrane had no obvious differences in these two groups (P>0.05).3)The newborn birth weight of IVF group was less than conceived naturally group (P<0.05), and others had no statistical significance (P>0.05).4)In neonatal complications, this study found 20 kinds of complications.It found only premature infant brain injury of IVF group was higher than conceived naturally group (P<0.05), and other diseases had no difference(P>0.05). Conclusions The twins' mother of IVF group is older, smaller gestational age, and more likely to happen thrombophilia and high blood pressure during pregnancy, IVF baby has small born weight, and high incidence of premature infant brain injury;the twins' mother of conceived naturally has a greater incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus.The number of maternal and neonatal complications caused by different ways of twins pregnancy have no significant difference.

Application of writhing general movement assessment in very low birth weight infant follow-up for motor development.

ZANG Fei-fei, YANG Hong, CAO Jia-yan, HAN Qian, SHI Wei, CAO Yun.

2015, 23(5):  530-532.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-26

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Objective To study the application of the general and detailed assessment of writhing movement in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants follow-up for motor development. Methods A total of 50 VLBW infants ranging from December of 2009 to December of 2014 included in the Rehabilitation Department of Children's Hospital of Fudan University participated in the study.The motor development outcomes of the infants at 1 year old were determined according to clinical diagnoses and PDMS-2.The motor optimality score was assessed according to the detailed assessment of "Preterm and Term General Movement".The motor developmental score of the infants at 1 year old and the correlation coefficients between the motor optimality score and PDMS score were calculated. Results The predictive value of GMs assessment for neurological deficits (CP and motor retardation) was as followingsensitivity 100%, specificity 33.3%, positive predictive value 29.7%, and negative predictive value 100%; The predictive value of CS for CP was as followingsensitivity 55.6%, specificity 97.6%, positive predictive value 83.3%, and negative predictive value 90.9%.The median value of the 50 infants' motor optimality score was 24.The correlation degree between the motor optimality score and PDMS score of the infants at 1 year old was moderate. Conclusion In the motor developmental follow-up of VLBW infants, the writhing general movement assessment can be used as early indicators.

Analysis of family environment on the mortality situation of children under 5 year-old.

YANG Pei-dong, YANG Bing, DAN Yan-pin, YE Zhang-yu, LIU Fang, SUN Jian, JI Hong-xian, HAN Juan.

2015, 23(5):  533-535.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-27

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Objective To understand the impact of family environment on children's death, and explore intervention Methods to reduce children mortality. Methods According to the death information data from 2011 to 2013, a number of dead children and the same number of living children as control group on the matching ratio 1∶1 were selected and investigated children' family using questionnaires. Results Compared between two groups, factors such as education levels of children's parents and relatives' health care during perinatal period, family internal harmony degree, family economic condition and the equipped emergency medicine, family's social relations, belong to unintended fertility or not and left-behind children or not, geographical environment, traffic environment and whether there was a medical institutions within 5 kilometers around the house had impacts on the children's mortality. Conclusion It is necessary to improve the family environment, and service use before under-five children death, to reduce children mortality.

Effects of age on the prognosis of functional articulation disorders.

LV Zi-yuan, LI Feng, XU Li-na, GAO Nan, ZHANG Yan-yun.

2015, 23(5):  536-538.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-28

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Objective To explore the effects of age on the prognosis of functional articulation disorders (FAD). Methods A total of 166 patients diagnosed with FAD were adopted as the research objects.After the patients'phonetic intelligibility (PI) was evaluated, the correlation and simple linear regression analysis for PI and age were carried on. Results The PI of the FAD patients was positively correlated with age (r_s=0.420).The result of simple linear regression analysis showed that the determination coefficient of age to PI was 0.193. Conclusion Age has some effect on the prognosis of FAD, but it is not the the main and the only factor.The patients with FAD should be cured in time at about 4 to 6 years old.

Cross sectional study of birth weight of newborn and the influencing factors in Beijing in 2013.

QIU Lei, KONG Yuanyuan, YANG Haihe.

2015, 23(5):  539-541.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-29

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Objective To describe the distribution of birth weight of Beijing in 2013, and identify the influencing factors. Method Informations of 206 498 birth weight were collected form Beijing neonatal screening information management system, and comparative analysis on gender, gestational age, fetal number, residence, regional and other factors were progressed.Results The distribution of the birth weight was normal, the average birth weight was 3 350.12 g, the average birth weight of male was 3 400.28 g, the average birth weight of female was 3 295.64 g.The incidence of fetal macrosomia in male was more than 10%.With the increasing of the gestational age, the birth weight also increased, and reached peak at 42~43 weeks of pregnancy.The average birth weight among single birth newborns was larger than among multiple birth newborns.The average birth weight of newborn in rural area was higher than that in urban area.Conclusion In 2013, the average birth weight in Beijing is higher than the national data, newborn gender, gestational age, multiple and residence will produce more significant impacts.

Comparative study of continuous attention in Xinjiang's Ke and Han nationality school-aged children.

LI Ya-min, CHEN Lin, JIANG Kai-hua, SHEN Hui-juan, WU Ting.

2015, 23(5):  542-544.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-30

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Objective To discuss Xinjiang's Ke and Han nationality school-aged children's characteristics of attention development by comparing their continuous attention. Methods A total of 197 Ke nationality children aged 7 to 12 in Wuqia primary school of Ke Country in Xinjiang, 199 Han nationality children aged 7 to 12 in Changzhou's primary school were randomly selected.Continuous Performance Test (CPT) was used to record children's reaction time, the number of omission and false. Results 1)Reaction time between the two nationalities had no significantly statistical differences among various age groups (P>0.05).2) The number of omission between the two nationalities had significantly statistical differences in 9 and 10 years old groups (P<0.05).3)The number of false between the two nationalities had significantly statistical differences in 9, 10 and 11 years old groups (P<0.05). Conclusions There has nothing to do with national and regional differences in receiving information and handling events' reactional velocity while Ke and Han nationalities' children are more uniform.The children of 9, 10 and 11 years old in Ke nationality had obvious characteristics about impulsive and adventure.It allows them to adopt different strategies in the experiment probably because of the different education background and environment.In order to shorten the cultural learning differences between the two places, guiding the right strategy training should be strengthed and promote the development of their learning during cultivating attention.

Sample survey of primary teeth caries among 1~5 years old children in Haidian District, Beijing City, 2010.

WANG Wen-hong, MIAO Jiang-xia, ZOU Xiao-xuan, WANG Na.

2015, 23(5):  545-547.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-31

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Objective To investigate the status of primary teeth caries among 1~5 years old children in Haidian District in Beijing City and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral health care. Methods An multistage, stratified and cluster random sampling design was applied to obtain a representative sample group which consisted of 1 498 children aged 1~5 years old in Haidian district, Beijing city, with male 748 and female 750.The caries on the crowns of primary teeth were assessed according to 《The Guideline for the 3rd National Oral Health Survey》.The primary teeth caries prevalence, mean decayed, missing, filled teeth(dmft) were calculated by software SPSS13.0. Results The primary teeth caries' prevalence, mean decayed-missing-filled tooth (dmft) and filled teeth rate were 44.86%, 1.91±2.96 and 26.13%, respectively.These three indexes were increased by ages. Conclusion It is a best period during 0~3 years old to prevent and control primary teeth caries by performing effective measures for the high-risk groups, increasing oral health services, strengthening oral health education in children and parents and improving healthy food styles and oral habits.

Analysis of 56 cases with strong lymph node reactions caused by neonatal BCG vaccination.

ZHANG Lin, GUO Dong-fang, MI Xiao-yan.

2015, 23(5):  548-549.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-32

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Objective To analyze the clinical features and evaluate the local treatment effect among 56 neonatal cases with strong lymph reactions caused by Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination. Methods A total of 56 neonatal cases with strong lymph node reactions caused by BCG vaccination were collected from tuberculosis clinic from January 2010 to May 2014, whose clinical features were analyzed.The treatment effects were evaluated after given hot pack, needle aspiration, debridement and antituberculous drugs according to their different lesion types. Results 1) Lesion typeThe lesions of the 56 cases were classified into node without liquefaction (7 cases), liquefaction (20 cases), abscess rupture (23 cases), unhealed after surgery (6 cases).2)Treatment effectsamong 7 cases without liquefaction, 5 cases' lymph node shrunk and 2 cases' lesion liquefied after hot pack treatment;Liquefaction lesions of 22 (20+2) cases were turned into abscess rupture after treatments of local aspiration and nodule injection of isoniazid (INH) combined with hot pack; abscess rupture lesions of 45 (23+22) cases were healed after given debridement, wound drainage with INH, pack with rifampicin (RFP); 6 surgery unhealed cases were healed after treatments with debridement, wound drainage with INH and RFP pack. Conclusion There are multiple clinical features of strong lymph node reaction caused by BCG vaccination among neonatal cases, and the local treatments given in this study would get high cure rate.

Analysis of the mortality of different age in children under 5 years old in Hainan from 2009 to 2013.

WU Wei-xue, LUO Qing, XING Kai-hui, LI Chao.

2015, 23(5):  550-552.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-33

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Objective To understand the mortality of different age in children under 5 years old in Hainan province, make reasonable intervention measures and provide the basis for reducing child mortality. Method The data of all deaths of children under 5 years old in Hainan province from 2009 to 2013 were analyzed. Results The proportion of children died at home was 49.04%.The proportion of children without treatment before death was 4.97%.Rural children under 5 years old without treatment before death was significantly higher than the urban children, "too late to the hospital" accounted for the highest proportion (52.53%) among untreated causes, followed by "economic difficulties" (24.19%). Conclusion Government departments can reduce the mortality rate of the children under 5 years old in rural care service through strengthening pregnancy care service and the construction of rural medical service capacity.

Analysis of death cause and preventive measures for the death of 151 neonates.

JIANG Wei.

2015, 23(5):  553-555.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-34

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Objective To understand the causes of neonatal death in Jiangning district, and to provide the evidence for intervention measures reducing the neonatal mortality. Method The data of neonatal death in Jiangning district from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed. Results Over the past five years, there were 151 neonates died in Jiangning district.The average mortality was 3.11‰, early neonatal mortality accounted for 72.8%.The main reasons of neonatal death were birth asphyxia (26.5%), preterm low birth weight (18.5%), congenital heart disease (13.9%), respiratory distress syndrome (12.6%), and other congenital anomaly (8.6%). Conclusion The keys to reduce neonatal death are strengthening pregnancy care during pregnancy, improving the quality of obstetric, strengthening the neonatal supervision and home nursing.

Effects of task-oriented training method as a rehabilitation strategy for mobile motor function of spastic cerebral palsy children.

LI Xin, PANG Wei, FAN Yan-ping, ZHAO Yan-bo.

2015, 23(5):  556-558.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-05-35

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Objective To explore the application of the task-oriented training method in the spastic cerebral palsy children's rehabilitation. Methods A total of 60 children with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly divided, 30 cases in control group, 30 cases in treatment group.Control group received conventional rehabilitation training, the treatment group received conventional rehabilitation training combined with task-orientated training, the two groups were treated for 3 months.Respectively analysis method was taken with children before and after treatment.Gross Motor Function Scale Assessment (GMFM-88), Time Up and Go Test (TUG), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) were assessed. Results The D and E rating scores of GMFM, TUG times and PEDI mobile ability part scores of two groups after treatment were better than those before treatment (P<0.05), the indexes of the treatment group were better than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Conventional rehabilitation training combined with task-orientated training can improve movement function and daily life activities ability of children with spastic cerebral palsy observably.